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Heme > Lec 1 Hematopoesis > Flashcards

Lec 1 Hematopoesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for MCV?

A

MCV = hematocrit / erythrocyte count (RBC x 10^6)

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2
Q

What is MCV?

A

mean corpuscular volume = average size of RBC

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3
Q

What is the equation for MCH?

A

MCH = hemoglobin / erythrocyte count (RBC x 10^6)

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4
Q

What is MCH?

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin = average amount of hemoglobin per cell

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5
Q

What is life span of RBCs?

A

4 months

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6
Q

What are the components of plasma?

A

proteins, immunoglobulins [antibodies], clotting factors, anti-coagulants

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7
Q

What are the components of the buffy coat?

A

platelets and white blood cells

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8
Q

What is normal hematocrit %?

A

40-50%

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9
Q

What is the difference plasma and serum?

A

serum does not contain clotting factors

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10
Q

How do you measure hematocrit?

A

multiple # of RBCs x mean corpuscular volume

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11
Q

What is an equation for MCV?

A

hematocrit / erythrocyte count (RBC x 10^6)

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12
Q

What is an equation for mean corpuscular hemoglobin?

A

hemoglobin / erythrocyte count (RBC x 10^6)

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13
Q

What does the worse anisocytosis mean?

A

variation in RBC size

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14
Q

When might leukocyte count be falsely elevated?

A

in presence of clumped/aggregated platlets, nucleated RBCs, or non-lysed RBCs

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15
Q

When might platelet count be falsely low?

A

when platelets are clumped by agglutinins [pseudothrombocytopenia]

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16
Q

What is normal reticulocyte %?

A

1%

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17
Q

What dye can you use to stain reticulocytes?

A

methylene blue = stains residual RNA present in young RBCs

18
Q

What is the corrected reticulocyte count?

A

multiple retic count x observed hematocrit / normal hematocrit

normal = 45%

19
Q

What is the absolute reticulocyte count?

A

actual number of reticulocytes in given volume of blood

retic count x total RBC count

20
Q

What does low retic count suggest?

A

problem with bone marrow production of RBCs

21
Q

What does normal/high retic count suggest in anemia?

A

cause of anemia related to destruction of RBCs after they leave the bone marrow

22
Q

What is myelopoiesis?

A

development of cells of myeloid lineage [RBCs, platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils]

23
Q

What is erythropoiesis?

A

development of RBCs

24
Q

What is megakaryopoiesis?

A

development of megakaryocytes and platelets

25
Q

What is lymphopoiesis?

A

development of cells of lymphoid lineage –> B and T cells

26
Q

Where does lymphopoiesis occur in adult?

A

spleen
lymph nodes
thymus
gut-associated lymphoid tissue

27
Q

What is sequential location of hematopoiesis in fetal development? [hint: 5 locations]

A
  • yolk sac
  • aorta-gonad mesonephros region
  • liver
  • spleen
  • bone marrow
28
Q

Wat is definitive hematopoiesis? Where does it begin?

A

forming nucleated RBCs which synthesize fetal hemoglobin

begins in liver

29
Q

After birth where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

only in bone marrow

30
Q

Can you see stem cells in the bone marrow?

A

not morphologically identifiable

one in 10^6 nucleated marrow cells is a stem cell

31
Q

What is the order of cell development to form differentiated RBC?

A

stem cell –> multi-lineage progenitor –> uni-lineage progenitor –> identifiable precursor –> circulating mature cell

32
Q

How do hematopoietic cells differ from other cells in body?

A
  • short life span
  • multiple cell ypes
  • cells widely distributed throughout body
  • hematopoiesis can occur quickly in emergencies
  • cells must be replaced daily
33
Q

How can you identify hematopoietic stem cells?

A

cell surface antigen CD34

34
Q

How can you identify progenitor cells?

A

not morphologically identifiable
can use in vitro assay

cell surface antiges CD34

35
Q

How can you identify precursor cells?

A

morphologically identifiable

36
Q

What is normal distribution myeloid to erythroid precursor ratio in bone marrow?

A

normally 3 to 3.5:1

myeloid –> become granulocytes, monocytes, neutrophils

37
Q

What is the action of stromal cells in the bone marrow?

A

create cellular matrix

produce cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors [HGFs]

38
Q

What makes of the bone marrow extracellular matrix? Function?

A

fibronectin, proteoglycans, collagen

bring cytokines/growth factors and progenitor cells together

39
Q

Where is erythropoietin produced?

A

kidney

act on bone marrow erythroid cells

40
Q

Where is thrombopoietin produced?

A

liver

acts on megakaryocytes in bone marrow = platelet precuroors

41
Q

What is action of plerixafor?

A

inhibits interaction between stromal derived factor 1 [SDF-1] and its receptor chemokine receptor 4 [CXCR4] –> release of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow into peripheral blood

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