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MS 200 > Lec. 6: Bones and Jts of Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lec. 6: Bones and Jts of Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

cubonavicular jt is a _____ _____ jt

A

fibrous syndesmosis

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2
Q

all interosseous ligaments are intracapsular but extrasynovial in synovial jts; T or F

A

T

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3
Q

the patellofemoral jt is not considered part of the ___ ___ ___

A

knee jt proper

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4
Q

the ______ jt is the knee jt proper

A

tibiofemoral (TF)

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5
Q

where is the start of the hind FT

A

PROX tibiofibular (TF) jt

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6
Q

a partial dislocation of a jt. It occurs when a bone is pushed or pulled out of place, but the bones in the jt still touch

A

subluxation

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7
Q

which jt is like a mortise and tenon

A

talocrural jt

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8
Q

Art. surfaces, jt class., and mvts of patellofemoral jt

A

Art. surfaces: MED and LAT facets of POST patella, odd facet of patella, and patellar surface of DIST femur

jt class.: nonaxial modified plane synovial (modified b/c patella is a sesamoid bone)

mvts:

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9
Q

where is the odd facet located?

A

MED to the MED facet on the POST aspect of the patella

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10
Q

the odd facet of the PF jt is only an articular surface during what

A

full knee FLEX

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11
Q

the intercondylar area of the tibia is the origin of which two ligs

A

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
posterior cruciate lig (PCL)

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12
Q

what articulates with the femoral condyles

A

SUP articular surfaces of tibia (tibial plateau)

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13
Q

tibial landmark that’s the POST aspect of the MED condyle

A

groove for semimembranosus

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14
Q

landmark of tibia thats DIST to LAT condyle

A

facet for fib HD

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15
Q

insertion for IT band

A

Gerdy’s tubercle

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16
Q

tibial landmark that’s located anteriorly, extends from LAT condyle inferomedially to tib tube

A

oblique line

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17
Q

DIST and LAT tibia, articulates w/ DIST fibula

A

fibular notch

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18
Q

which two tendons run through the groove on the medial aspect of the POST tibia

A

tibialis POST and FDL

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19
Q

flexor hallucis longus tendon runs _____ to groove for tibialis POST and flexor digitorum longus

A

LATart

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20
Q

another word for the apex of the fibula

A

styloid process

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21
Q

MED surface of DIST fibula, articulates with talus

A

malleolar articular surface

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22
Q

inferomedial surface of talus that articulates with sustentaculum tali

A

sulcus tali

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23
Q

surface of talus that articulates with tibia

A

trochlea/dome

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24
Q

the talus articulates with the _____ but the calcaneus doesnt

A

navicular

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25
Q

where is the groove for the tendon of flexor hallucis longus

A

POST talus b/w the MED and LAT tubercles

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26
Q

is the MED or LAT tuberosity of the calcaneus weight bearing

A

MED

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27
Q

art. surfaces of calcaneus

A

-ANT, middle, and POST talus
-cuboid

28
Q

INF to which calcaneal structure is there a groove for flexor hallucis longus

A

sustentaculum tali

29
Q

LAT side of calcaneus INF to the fibular tubercle (trochlea) there’s a groove for which tendon

A

fibularis longus

30
Q

navicular articulates with which bones

A

talus, cuboid, all cuneiforms

31
Q

cuboid has a groove INF to tuberosity for which tendon

A

fibularis longus

32
Q

art. surfaces, class., and mvts of patellofemoral jt

A

art. surfaces: POST patella, patellar surface of DIST femur
class.: nonaxial modified plane synovial
mvts: gliding

33
Q

ligs and feats of patellofemoral jt (3)

A
  • capsule: encloses PF and TF jts, lax SUP for knee FLEX, deficient at LAT condyle for tendon of popliteus to pass out of jt, patella and patellar tendon act as capsule anteriorly
  • patellar ligament/tendon: apex of patella to tib tube
  • patellar retinaculum: aponeurotic extensions of vastus med and lat and overlying fascia
34
Q

art. surfaces, class., and mvts of TF jt

A

art. surfaces: MED and LAT tibial plateaus (menisci), MED and LAT femoral condyles
class.: uniaxial modified hinge synovial
mvts: FLEX/EXT, MED/LAT ROT - mechanical axis

35
Q

ligs of TF jt (11)

A

capsule: shared with PF

medial collateral lig (MCL): inner fibers blend w/ MED meniscus, POST MED fibers blend w/ capsule

LAT collateral lig (LCL): stronger than MCL, does not attach the menisci or capsule

ANT cruciate lig (ACL): limits hyperext, intracapsular and extrasynovial

POST cruciate lig (PCL): primary stabilizer at 90 degree knee FLEX, intracapsular and extrasynovial

-oblique popliteal lig: tendinous expansion of semimembranosus

-arcuate popliteal lig: aspect of capsule that passes over popliteus to fibular HD

-coronary ligs: hold menisci to tibial plateaus

-patellomeniscal lig: hold menisci to POST patella

transverse lig: holds two menisci together

meniscofemoral lig: secures LAT meniscus to PCL and MED femoral condyle

36
Q

feats of MED and LAT menisci of knee

A

MED: C-shaped, more commonly injured than LAT meniscus

LAT: O-shaped, smaller and move moveable than MED, posterior meniscofemoral ligament joins LAT meniscus to the PCL and MED femoral condyle

37
Q

the external margins of menisci of knee blend with the ____ ____

A

joint capsule

38
Q

four bursae of knee that communicate w/ the synovial cavity

A

suprapatellar, popliteus, anserine, gastrocnemius bursae

39
Q

four bursae of knee that do not communicate w/ synovial cavity

A

semimembranosus, subcutaneous prepatellar, subcutaneous infrapatellar, deep infrapatellar

40
Q

hindfoot goes from the _____ jt to the ____ jt

A

PROX tibiofibular, subtalar/talocalcaneal

41
Q

art. surfaces, class.,mvts, and ligs of PROX tibiofibular jt

A

art. surfaces: MED aspect of fib HD, LAT tibial condyle
class.: nonaxial plane synovial
mvts: sm gliding motion w/ ankle mvts; limited ROM
ligs: capsule, lig of fibular HD - limits ANT/POST translation of fib HD

42
Q

art. surfaces, class., mvts, and ligs of intermediate tibiofibular jt

A

art. surfaces: adjacent interosseous borders of tib and fib
class.: fibrous syndesmosis, amphiarthrotic
mvts: minimum vertical fibula translation w/ ankle mvts
ligs: interosseous membrane- two hiatuses at PROX and DIST ends

43
Q

art. surfaces, class., mvts, and ligs of DIST tibiofibular jt

A

art. surfaces: MED aspect of DIST fibula and LAT aspect of DIST tib
class.: fibrous syndesmosis, amphiarthrodial
mvts: minimal amount of jt separation (1-2 mm) w/ dorsiflex
ligs: tibiofibular lig- ANT and POST bands limits ANT and POST translation of talus, tibiofibular/crural interosseous lig - very strong and limits distraction of fib from tib

44
Q

art. surfaces, class., and mvts of talocrural jt

A

art. surfaces: trochlea (dome) of talus, malleolar and INF articular facets of tib, malleolar art. facet of fib, and deepest more INF fibers of POST band of the tibiofibular lig
class.: uniaxial hinge synovial
mvts: dorsi/plantarflexion

45
Q

ligs of talocrural jt

A

ligs:
- capsule: weak ANT and POST for dorsi/plantarflexion
- MED collateral/deltoid lig: four bands, limits eversion
- LAT collateral: 3 bands, all limit inversion
- Ankle retinacula: anchor extrinsic tendons to minimize compression during ankle motion

46
Q

which of the LAT collateral ligs of the talocrural jt are most commonly injured in ankle sprains

A
  1. ANT talofibular lig
  2. calcaneofibular lig
47
Q

bursae of talocrural jt (4)

A

-MED and LAT malleolar subcutaneous
-subcutaneous and subtendonous calcaneal

48
Q

art. surfaces, class., and mvts subtalar/talocalcaneal jt

A

art. surfaces: concave POST calcaneal articular facet of talus, convex POST talar articular surface of calcaneus
class.: uniaxial plane synovial
mvts: PRON’N/SUP’N

49
Q

____ is a state of relative mobility; foot is in a good position for shock absorption. ___ is a state of relative rigidity; foot is in this position for toe-off

A

PRON’N, SUP’N

50
Q

ligs of subtalar/talocalcaneal jt

A
  • capsule: weak, POST articulation has its own capsule
  • talocalcaneal lig: stabilize subtalar sj
  • interosseous talocalcaneal lig
51
Q

the transverse tarsal jt is subdivided into the ___ jt and the ___ jt

A

talocalcaneonavicular, calcaneocuboid

52
Q

the talocalcaneonavicular (TCN) jt divided into what 2 jts

A

talocalcaneal and talonavicular

53
Q

art. surfaces, and class. of talocalcaneal jt

A

Art. surfaces:
- Middle articulation: convex middle facet for calcaneus of talus, concave middle talar articular surface of calcaneus
- ANT articulation: convex ANT facet for calcaneus, concave ANT talar articular surface of calcaneus
Class.: uniaxial plane synovial

54
Q

art. surfaces, and class., and mvts of talonavicular jt

A

art. surface: convex talar HD articulates w/ concave PROX navicular
class.: multiaxial ball and socket synovial
mvts: PRON’N/ SUP’N

55
Q

where does the talar motion occur during SUP’N and PRON’N

A

talocalcaneal and talonavicular jts

56
Q

ligs of the talonavicular (4)

A

-capsule
-plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) lig: supports talus and therefore the MED longitudinal arch
-dorsal talonavicular lig: prevents SUP mvt of either bone
- bifurcate (calcaneonavicular) lig: checks MED displacement of navicular

57
Q

art. surfaces, class., mvt of CC jt

A

art. surfaces: DIST calc, PROX cuboid
class.: biaxial saddle synovial
mvt: PRON’N/SUP’N

58
Q

ligs of CC jt (5)

A

-capsule
-bifurcate lig: limits MED displacement of cuboid
-plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) lig: helps maintain longitudinal arches
-dorsal calcaneocuboid lig: limit dorsal translation of cuboid or calcaneus
-long plantar lig: helps maintain longitudinal arches

59
Q

art. surfaces, class., and mvts of tarsal joints

A

art. surfaces: adj surfaces of apposing bones
class.:
- cuneonavicular, intercuneiform, and cuneocuboid jts are nonaxial plane synovial; diarthrodial
- cubonavicular jt is fibrous syndesmosis; amphiarthrodial
mvts: slight gliding and ROT

60
Q

ligs of the tarsal jts (3)

A

-capsule: cuneonavicular, cuneocuboid, and intercuneiform have continuous capsule
- interosseous ligs
- dorsal and plantar ligs: limit jt distraction and support arch

61
Q

art. surfaces, class., and mvts of tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal jts

A

art. surfaces:
-TMT:
- base of 1st w/ MED cuneiform
- base of 2nd w/ middle cuneiform mainly, also MED and LAT cuneiform
- base of 3rd w/ LAT cuneiform
- base of 4th and 5th w/ cuboid
-IMT: bases of adj MTs
class.: nonaxial plane synovial
mvts: slight gliding

62
Q

ligs of TMT and IMT jts (3)

A

-capsule: 1st TMT has its own, the rest share
-dorsal and plantar ligs
-interosseous ligs

63
Q

art. surfaces, class., and mvts of MTP jts

A

art. surfaces: heads of MT and bases of PROX phalanges
class.: biaxial condyloid synovial
mvts: ABD/ADD, FLEX/EXT

64
Q

ligs of MTP jts (4)

A

-capsule: fibrous capsule encloses each jt
-deep transverse MT lig: limit distraction of neighbouring MTs
-LAT and MED collaterals: limit varus and valgus
-plantar lig/plate: analogous to the volar plate in H; limit EXT and prevent impingement of flexor tendons

65
Q

art. surfaces, class., mvts, and ligs of IP jts

A

art. surfaces: HDs of PROX phalanx and bases of DIST phalanx
class.: uniaxial hinge synovial
mvts: FLEX/EXT
ligs: capsule- fibrous capsule encloses each jt, LAT and MED collaterals, plantar lig/plate

MS 200 (15 decks)

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