Lec 51:Pharmacology Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

What the drug does to the body

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

What the body does to the drug such as metabolism and elimination

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3
Q

Bioavailability

A

Proportion of an administered dose of a drug usually orally, that enters circulation

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4
Q

What information do we need to know about a drug before it can be safely and effectively used?

A
  1. Dose Dependent Relationship
  2. Mechanism of Action
  3. Clinical Pharmacology (safety, efficacy)
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5
Q

Steps to development/approval of a drug prior to use in the clinic:

A
  1. Drug Screening - Assays modeling disease states, a rational drug design
  2. Preclinical Pharmacology - Lab studies to determine toxicity and biologic activity
  3. Proof of concept and initial safety tests
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6
Q

Phases of testing a drug

A

Phase I - Check toxicity of drug and plot on a dose dependent curve
Phase II - Demonstrate that safe doses give therapeutic effect
Phase III - Compare with placebo or standard in a large group
Phase IV - Careful post-marketing surveillance

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7
Q

TD50?

A

Dose that gives 50% of the population a toxic effect

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8
Q

LD50?

A

Dose at which 50% animals are dead

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9
Q

ED50?

A

Dose needed to give 50% maximal effect

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10
Q

Therapeutic Index?

A

TI = TD50/ED50 or LD50/ED50

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11
Q

Higher TI means

A

Safer

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12
Q

What kind of mechanism do diuretics and laxatives follow?

A

Osmotic actions so physiochemical mechanisms

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13
Q

What do antacids, chelating agents, and disinfectants all have in common?

A

Don’t use receptors to get drugs to work, just chemical reactivity

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