Epidemiology week 1 Flashcards
Understand the scientific basis for clinical medicine
Answers to any clinical question requires measurement and hypothesis testing
Define biostatistics (understand importance of)
statistics applied to analysis of biological data
Define epidemiology (understand importance of)
study of disease ocurrence in human populations, with application to control of health problems
Define evidence-based medicine (EMB)
application of clinical epidemiology to the care of patients, or conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients
Understand sampling of populations
using a limited portion of a population to make inferences about the larger population as a whole
Understand role of bias/chance
chance is a random error that can limit the reliability of evidence given. Bias is a systemic error that limits the accuracy of evidence given.
Understand internal validity
degree to which results of a study are correct for the sample of patients being studied
Understand external validity
degree to which results of an observation hold true in other settings
Understand generalizability of medical information
expresses the validity of assuming that patients in a study are similar to other patients
Define incidence
number of new cases of disease that occur during a specified period of time in a population at risk for developing the disease. Is a measure of risk
Define prevalence
number of existing cases of disease at a specific point in time or during a specified period of time. = number of cases of disease/number in population at a specified point in time
Relationship of duration of disease with incidence and prevalence
Average duration of disease = prevalence/incidence
Define case-fatality
total number of deaths from specific disease/total number of people with the disease
Define infant-mortality
number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age/live births
live birth rate
total number of live births/women of childbearing age