Lec 4 Development

Question 1

Gastrulation - what happens

Answer 1

Flat sheet of cells “dive under” to form gastrula & notochord.

Question 2

Gastrula layers

Answer 2

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Question 3

Neurectoderm

Answer 3

Ectoderm part directly above notochord.

Gives rise to entire nervous system.

Question 4

Neurulation - what happens

Answer 4

Neurectoderm thickens - becomes Neural Plate.

Lateral parts fold in - forms Neural Tube.

Question 5

Neural Tube gives rise to

Answer 5

brain

spinal cord

Question 6

Closure of Neural Tube order

Answer 6

1. Middle closes first
2. Anterior end
3. Posterior closes last

Question 7

Mesoderm eventually becomes what

Answer 7

axial musc & skeleton

Question 8

Neural Precursor Cells

Answer 8

In neural tube, eventually become neurons

Question 9

Floorplate

Answer 9

Ventral midline cells.

Sends signals to dictate how other cells diff.

Question 10

Ventral Precursor Cells differentiate into what? (Bc of Floorplate signaling)

Answer 10

Motor neurons

Question 11

Ventral Precursor Cells are found where in neural tube

Answer 11

Basal Plate

Part closest to the floorplate

Question 12

Precursor cells far from the floorplate become… (and where are they in neural tube)

Answer 12

sensory & interneurons

Alar Plate

Question 13

Dorsal Precursor Cells differentiate into what? (Bc of Floorplate signaling)

Answer 13

Neural Crest

Question 14

Neural Crest cells eventually become what (5 types)

Answer 14

Sensory in DRG
Autonomic post-gang
Chromaffin (Adrenal)
Schwann
Non-neural cells (melano, cartilage, boone).

Question 15

Spina Bifida Occulta

Answer 15

defect in vert arch, no impact on neural tissue (Maddy)

Question 16

Spina Bifida Cystica

Answer 16

neural tissue & meninges protrude thru defect (severe)

Question 17

2 types of Spina Bifida Cystica

Answer 17

1. Meningiocele: meninges protrude.

2. Myelomeningiocele: cauda equina or lower bit of cord protrude out (BAD).

Question 18

Purple is called what? Forms what structures?

Answer 18

Prosencephalon

Forebrain, cerebral hemispheres

Question 19

Green is called what? Forms what structures?

Answer 19

Mesencephalon

Midbrain

Question 20

Red is called what? Forms what structures?

Answer 20

Rhombencephalon

Hindbrain, brainstem, cerebellum.

Question 21

Yellow is called what? Forms what structures?

Answer 21

Spinal cord

Question 22

Prosencephalon further partitions into…

Answer 22

Telencephalon (hemispheres)

Diencephalon (tthalamus)

Question 23

Rhombencephalon further partitions into…

Answer 23

Metencephalon (pons, cerebellum)

Mylencephalon (medulla)

Question 24

Ventricular space associated with Telencephalon

Answer 24

lateral

Question 25

Ventricular space associated with Diencephalon

Answer 25

3rd

Question 26

Ventricular space associated with Mesencephalon

Answer 26

cerebral aqueduct

Question 27

Ventricular space associated with Metencephalon & Mylenecephalon

Answer 27

4th