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Paleon > Lec 3 Fish Evolution > Flashcards

Lec 3 Fish Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of Placoderms?

A

a) Large bony plates
b) paired pelvic fins!!
c) joint in neck region -> lifting of head shield
d) tooth-like projection

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2
Q

What are the 2 groups in Placoderms?

A

Arthrodira, Antiarchi

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of Arthrodires?

A

pick-like plate

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of Antiarchi?

A

pectoral fins covered with bony plates

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of Acanthodii?

A

heterocercal caudal fins, spines

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6
Q

When is the age of sharks?

A

Carboniferous

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7
Q

What are the cells forming cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of (basal) Chondrichthyes?

A

Prismatic calcified cartilage, heterocercal tail, paired pectoral & pelvic fins, 2 dorsal fins with fin spines

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9
Q

When is Neoselachii found?

A

Triassic to Recent

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of neoselachii?

A

Calcified vertebrae
ceratotrichia dominate fin structure
highly mobile jaws
Hyostylic jaws (ancestral: amphistylic)

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of Batoids/ rays?

A

Flattened bodies, broad pectoral fins, mouth & gills underneath, flatted teeth for crushing hard food

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12
Q

When is Holocephali originated?

A

Devonian

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Holocephali?

A

Heterodont dentition for crushing
tooth plate (2 upper each side, 1 lower)
small skull with fused elements
whip-like tail
spine in front of the dorsal fin
large pectoral fins

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14
Q

What is the time period of basal actinopterygian, basal neopterygian and teleost respectively?

A

Devonian - Triassic, Triassic - Jurassic, Jurassic - Recent

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of basal actinopterygian?

A

Teeth on premaxilla, maxilla, dentary, palate
supraorbital
operculum
preoperculum
suboperculum
Rhomboid shape ganoid scales! (made of dentine, ganoin)
No squamosal & postorbitals

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of basal neopterygii?

A

symplectic, interoperculum, thinner and flexible scales

17
Q

What are the characteristics of teleost?

A

Homocercal tail
nroneurals
mobile premaxilla
cycloid scales

18
Q

What is the characteristic of Elopomorph?

A

2 uroneurals extending anteriorly over the second ural centrum

19
Q

What is the characteristic of Osteoglossomorph?

A

Bony tongue and teeth on basibranchial, which oppose teeth on parasphenoid

20
Q

What is the characteristic of Clupeomorph?

A

Abdominal scutes
1st hypural has a free proximal end, 2nd is fused to ural vertebra 1

21
Q

What is the characteristic of Ostariophysi?

A

Weberian apparatus for sound amplification

22
Q

What is the characteristic of Salmoniform?

A

supraneurals

23
Q

What is the characteristic of Aulopiform?

A

rostral cartilage

24
Q

What is the characteristic of Acanthomorph?

A

ctenoid scales, erectable fin spines

Paleon (10 decks)

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