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Paleon > Lec 2 Paleozoic fishes > Flashcards

Lec 2 Paleozoic fishes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 major agnathan/ ostracoderm groups?

A

Pteraspidomorphi, Anaspida, Thelodonti, Galeaspida, Osteostraci, Pituriaspida

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2
Q

What are the 3 subgroups of Pteraspidomorphi?

A

Astraspida, Arandaspida, Heterostraci

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3
Q

What is the characteristic of Pteraspidomorphs?

A

Aspisdin (3 layered bone: dentine tubercles, cancellous layer, lamellar layer)

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of Heterostraci?

A

a) Extension of plates into fin-like structures
b) Large bony plates
c) no paired fins
d) Single gill opening on each side
e) flattened

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5
Q

What are the 4 sub-subgroups of heterostraci?

A

Pteraspids, Psammosteids, Amphiaspids, Cyathaspids

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of Pteraspidae?

A

wing-like extensions of shield, dorsal shield of separate plates, elongated snout

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of Psammosteidae?

A

tesserae between main plates, mouth upwards

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Cyathaspidae?

A

overlapping bony scales on trunks, head plate fused to single shield

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of Amphiaspidae?

A

fusion of head shield

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Anaspida?

A

rows of rod-like scales
series of gill openings
triradiate spine
anal fins
“paired fin”

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of Thelodonti?

A

nipple-toothed scales

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of Galeaspids?

A

Mineralized cartilaginous neurocranium, flattened head shield, no paired fins

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Osteostraci?

A

Paired fins!!!!
fins with skeletal support
dorsal fins
mineralized braincase
dorsal eyes and nasohypophysis
3 cephalic fields

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of Pituriaspida?

A

Long head shield, long rostral extension, dorsal median projection, addition opening beside orbit

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15
Q

What are chordate characteristics?

A

Notochord, Pharyngeal slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord, postanal tail, segmented muscle blocks, endostyle

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16
Q

What are vertebrate characteristics?

A

Head, anteriorly expanded nerve cord (brain), eyes, nose inner ear

many head structures form from 2 embryonic structures: neural crest cells and neurogenic placodes

17
Q

What is the chemical composition of bones?

A

calcium phosphate/ hydroxyapatite

18
Q

How is a bone formed?

A

Osteocytes produce a matrix which is embedded in numerous collagen fibres, which ossified by the deposition of hydroxyapatite

Paleon (10 decks)

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