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Roent (Lec 1-5 & Anatomic Landmarks) > Lec 3 Classification of Biologic Effects > Flashcards

Lec 3 Classification of Biologic Effects Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of biologic effects

A

Stochastic Effect
Deterministic Effect

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2
Q

Stochastic effect or deterministic effect?

No threshold dose

A

Stochastic effect

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3
Q

Stochastic effect or deterministic effect?

Cell killing

A

Deterministic Effect

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4
Q

Stochastic effect or deterministic effect?

Sublethal DNA damage

A

Stochastic effect

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5
Q

Stochastic effect or deterministic effect?

Caused by doses used in diagnostic radiology.

A

Stochastic effect

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

A single x-ray photon has the potential to cause a DNA mutation

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Even the smallest radiation dose could cause a heritable effect or cancer.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Stochastic effect or deterministic effect?

Manifest only when the radiation exposure to an organ or tissue exceeds a threshold level.

A

Deterministic Effect

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9
Q

Stochastic effect or deterministic effect?

The higher the dose, the more severe the effect.

A

Deterministic Effect

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10
Q

Stochastic effect or deterministic effect?

Severity of clinical effects is independent of dose; all-or-none response an individual either manifests effect or does not.

A

Stochastic effect

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Dental radiography has low to no deterministic effect.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Deterministic effect are tissue reactions.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Stochastic effect are caused by cell killing.

A

FALSE

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Deterministic effect manifest only when the radiation exposure exceeds a THRESHOLD level.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

2 subdivisions of Stochastic effect?

A
  • Radiation-induced cancer
  • Heritable effects
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16
Q

2 types of cell killing?

A
  • Mitotic death
  • Apoptosis
17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Radiation-induced cancers are clinically and histologically the same from sporadically occurring or chemical-induced cancers.

A

FALSE

Radiation-induced cancers are clinically and histologically INDISTINGUISHABLE from sporadically occurring or chemical-induced cancers.

18
Q

Examples of tissues / organs that are more sensitive to carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation.

A
  • Female breast
  • Thyroid gland
19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

There is a long latent period, ranging from years to decades, between radiation exposure and the occurrence of cancer.

A

TRUE

20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The risk of radiation-induced tumor induction is approximately threefold higher in children than in adults.

A

TRUE

21
Q

Examples of radiation-induced cancers.

A
  • Leukemia
  • Thyroid cancer
  • Salivary gland tumors (Warthin tumor)
  • Breast cancer
  • Brain and nervous system cancers
22
Q

Changes seen in the offspring of irradiated individuals.

A

Heritable effects

23
Q

Consequence of DNA damage in germ cells.

A

Heritable effects

24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Studies of the children of patients who received radiotherapy show NO detectable increase in the frequency of genetic diseases

A

TRUE

25
Q

Most common means of cell killing.

A

Mitotic death

26
Q

Mitotic death is explained by the law of?

A

The Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau

27
Q

Cell radiosensitivity to killing = ________ / _________

A

Mitotic rate / Degree of differentiation

28
Q

Rapidly dividing cells will be more ____________ and postmitotic specialized cells will be most __________.

A
  • radiosensitive
  • radioresistant
29
Q

Programmed cell death.

A

Apoptosis

30
Q

__________ are an exception to Bergonié and Tribondeau’s law.

A

Lymphocytes

31
Q

The most radiosensitive mammalian cell.

A

Lymphocytes

32
Q

__________ of the salivary glands are highly radiosensitive.

A

Serous acini

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Embryos and fetuses are more radiosentitive than adults.

A

TRUE

34
Q

The deterministic effects on embryos and fetuses depends on _______ and _______ during irradiation.

A
  • dose
  • gestational age
35
Q

Irradiation during preimplantation (0 to 9 days in humans) causes ___________.

The threshold for this effect is estimated to be __________.

In comparison, the dose to an embryo and fetus from natural background radiation is approximately __________ during the 9 months of gestation.

Fetal irradiation is associated with __________ (irradiation at 8 to 15 weeks gestation) and _____________ (irradiated at 8 to 25 weeks’ gestation).

A
  • embryonic death
  • 100 mGy
  • 0.5 to 1 mSv
  • microcephaly; mental retardation

Roent (Lec 1-5 & Anatomic Landmarks) (29 decks)

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