Lec 2 Physics

Question 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

Basic unit of all matter.

Answer 2

Atom

Question 3

An atom consists of? (3)

Answer 3

Protons (+)
Neutrons (n)
Electrons (-)

Question 4

The atomic structure consists of? (3)

Answer 4

Nucleus, Atomic number, Atomic mass

Question 5

Consists of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons.

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

The number of protons in the nucleus.

Answer 6

Atomic number

Question 7

Total number of protons and neutrons.

Answer 7

Atomic mass

Question 8

Electron orbitals are explained by 2 models, which are?

Answer 8

The Bohr model, Quantum mechanical model

Question 9

• K, L, M, N, O, P
• Each shell consists of a quantum number 1, 2, 3..
• Each shell can hold a maximum of 2n2 electrons (where n is the quantum number of the shell).

Answer 9

The Bohr model

Question 10

• Electron orbitals are defined from the distance of the nucleus where n = 1, 2, 3 and their shape; s, p, d, f, g, h, and I
• The electron orbitals in order of filling are 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f … and so forth.
• Describes electrons within three dimensional orbitals (clouds).

Answer 10

The Quantum mechanical model

Question 11

The energy needed to overcome the electrostatic force that binds an electron to the nucleus

Answer 11

Electron binding energy

Question 12

It is the conceptual basis to understand ionization, which occurs when matter is exposed to x-rays.

Answer 12

Electron binding energy

Question 13

• It is the process by which ions are formed by gain or loss of an electron from an atom or molecule.
• Occurs when matter is exposed to x-rays.

Answer 13

Ionization

Question 14

Examples of high energy particles (ionizing radiations).

Answer 14

x-rays and ultraviolet radiation

Question 15

Examples of low energy particles (nonionizing radiations).

Answer 15

visible light, infrared and microwave radiations, and radio waves

Question 16

These radiations do not have sufficient energy to remove bound electrons from their orbitals.

Answer 16

Nonionizing radiation

Question 17

These radiations have sufficient energy to displace electrons from their orbitals and ionize atoms.

Answer 17

Ionizing radiation

Question 18

It is the transmission of energy through space and matter.

Answer 18

Radiation

Question 19

It is a form of energy carried by waves or stream of particles (photons).

Answer 19

Radiation

Question 20

What are the 2 forms of radiation?

Answer 20

Electromagnetic and particulate

Question 21

The movement of energy through space as a combination of electric and magnetic fields.

Answer 21

Electromagnetic radiation

Question 22

Examples of electromagnetic radiation.

Answer 22

Radiowaves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, UV light, x-rays, gamma rays.

Question 23

2 theories that best describe electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 23

Wave theory, Quantum theory

Question 24

Additional info

• Electromagnetic radiation: It is generated when the velocity of an electrically charged particle is altered.
• The higher-energy types of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum—ultraviolet rays, x-rays, and γ-rays—are capable of ionizing matter.
• γ-Rays originate in the nuclei of radioactive atoms. They typically have greater energy than x-rays.
• x-rays are produced outside the nucleus and result from the interaction of electrons with large atomic nuclei, as in x-ray machines.

Answer 24

Perfect na yan

Question 25

The _______ theory considers electromagnetic radiation as small discrete bundles of energy called ______.

Answer 25

Quantum theory
Photons

Question 26

Additional info
- Each photon travels at the speed of light and contains a specific amount of energy, expressed with the unit electron volt (eV).
- In this picture you can see the relationship between photon wavelength and energy. Photons with shorter wavelengths have higher energy, dental radiography (blue) have energies of 10 to 120 kiloelectron volts

Answer 26

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Question 27

This theory of electromagnetic radiation maintains that radiation is propagated in the form of waves

Answer 27

Wave theory

Question 28

Any subatomic particles, such as protons, neutrons, and high-speed electrons, capable of causing ionization

Answer 28

Particulate radiation

Question 29

Examples of particulate radiation (3).

Answer 29

Protons, neutrons, high-speed electrons

Question 30

Happens when large atoms break up and release alpha or beta particles, or gamma rays.

When a radioactive atom releases an α or a β particle, the atom is transmuted into another element.

Answer 30

Radioactivity