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Roent (Lec 1-5 & Anatomic Landmarks) > Anatomic Landmarks > Flashcards

Anatomic Landmarks Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of bone?

A

Cortical bone
Cancellous bone

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2
Q

The term cortical is derived from the Latin word cortex and means?

A

outer layer

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3
Q

Also referred to as compact bone.

A

Cortical bone

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4
Q

The dense outer layer of bone.

A

Cortical bone

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5
Q
  • Cortical bone resists the passage of the xray beam and appears ___________ on a dental image.
  • The _______________ is composed of cortical bone.
A
  • radiopaque
  • inferior border of the mandible
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6
Q

The term cancellous is also derived from Latin and means _____________?

A

“arranged like a lattice.”

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7
Q

The soft, spongy bone located between two layers of dense cortical bone.

A

Cancellous bone

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8
Q

Composed of numerous bony trabeculae that form a lattice-like network of intercommunicating spaces filled with bone marrow.

A

Cancellous bone

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9
Q

The _________, actual pieces of bone, resist the passage of the x-ray beam and appear _______; in contrast, the _________ permit the passage of the x-ray beam and appear _______.

A
  • trabeculae; radiopaque
  • marrow spaces; radiolucent
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10
Q

The LARGER the trabeculations, the more _________ the area of cancellous bone appears.

A

radiolucent

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11
Q

Cancellous bone appears predominantly ________.

A

radiolucent

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12
Q

Composed of dense cortical bone and appear radiopaque on dental images

A

Prominences of the bone.

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13
Q

5 prominences of the bone?

A

process
ridge
spine
tubercle
tuberosity

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14
Q

A marked prominence or projection of bone.

A

Process

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15
Q

A linear prominence or projection of bone

A

Ridge

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16
Q

A sharp, thorn-like projection of bone.

A

Spine

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17
Q

A small bump or nodule of bone.

A

Tubercle

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18
Q

A rounded prominence of bone.

A

Tuberosity

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19
Q

Do not resist the passage of the x-ray beam and appear radiolucent on dental images.

A

Spaces and depressions in bone

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20
Q

4 types of spaces and depressions in bone

A

canal
foramen
fossa
sinus

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21
Q

A tubelike passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood.

A

Canal

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22
Q

An opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

A

Foramen

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23
Q

A broad, shallow, scooped-out or depressed area of bone.

A

Fossa

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24
Q

A hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone.

A

Sinus

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25
Q

A bony wall or partition that divides two spaces or cavities. May be present within the space of a fossa or sinus.

A

Septum

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26
Q

A bony septum appears _________, in contrast to a space or cavity, which appears ________.

A

radiopaque; radiolucent

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27
Q

An immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining bones of the skull.

A

Sutures

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28
Q

Sutures are only found in the?

A

skull

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29
Q

A suture appears as a ___________.

A

thin radiolucent line

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30
Q

Also known as
the nasopalatine foramen.

A

Incisive foramen

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31
Q

An opening or hole in bone located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors.

A

Incisive foramen

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32
Q

The _____________ nerve exits the maxilla through the incisive foramen.

A

nasopalatine nerve

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33
Q

Appears as a small, ovoid or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors

A

Incisive foramen

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34
Q

Are two tiny openings or holes in bone that are located on the floor of the nasal cavity

A

Superior foramina of incisive canal

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35
Q

The openings of two small canals that extend downward and medially from the floor
of the nasal cavity

A

Superior foramina of incisive canal

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36
Q

These superior foramina join together to form the _________ and share a common exit, the ________

A

incisive canal
incisive foramen

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37
Q

The nasopalatine nerve enters the maxilla through the ________, travels through the _________, and exits at the __________.

A
  • superior foramina
  • incisive canal
  • incisive foramen.
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38
Q

Appear as two small, round radiolucencies located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors.

A

Superior foramina of incisive canal

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39
Q

A suture is the immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla.

A

Median Palatal Suture

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40
Q

Extends from the alveolar bone between the maxillary central incisors to the posterior hard palate.

A

Median Palatal Suture

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41
Q
  • Appears as a thin
    radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors.
  • Is bounded on both sides by dense cortical bone that appears radiopaque.
  • As it fuses with age, it may become less distinct on a dental image.
A

Median Palatal Suture

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42
Q

A smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located just inferior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between maxillary canine and lateral incisors.

A

Lateral fossa

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43
Q

Appears as a radiolucent area between the maxillary canine and lateral incisor.

A

Lateral fossa

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44
Q

A pear-shaped compartment of bone
located superior to the maxilla.

A

Nasal cavity

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45
Q

The inferior portion, or floor, of the nasal cavity is formed by the __________ of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of ____________.

A
  • palatal processes
  • palatine bones
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46
Q

The lateral walls of the nasal cavity
are formed by the _________ and the _________.

A

ethmoid bone
maxillae

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47
Q

The nasal cavity is divided by a bony partition, or wall, called the _________.

A

nasal septum

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48
Q

Appears as a large, radiolucent area superior to the maxillary incisors.

A

Nasal cavity

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49
Q

The nasal cavity is also known as?

A

nasal fossa

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50
Q

A vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae.

A

Nasal septum.

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51
Q

The nasal septum is formed by cartilage and two bones which are?

A

the vomer and a portion of the ethmoid bone.

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52
Q

Appears as a vertical radiopaque partition that divides the nasal cavity. May be superimposed over the median palatal suture.

A

Nasal septum

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53
Q

A bony wall formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of palatine bones.

A

Floor of the nasal cavity

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54
Q

The floor is composed of dense cortical bone and defines the __________ of the nasal cavity.

A

inferior border

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55
Q

Appears as a dense radiopaque band of bone superior to the maxillary incisors.

A

Floor of the nasal cavity

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56
Q

A sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and
inferior portion of the nasal cavity.

A

Anterior nasal spine

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57
Q

Appears as a V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum.

A

Anterior nasal spine

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58
Q

Are wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

A

Inferior nasal conchae

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59
Q

Are seen in the lower lateral portions of the nasal cavity.

A

Inferior nasal conchae

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60
Q

The term concha is derived from Latin and means ?

A

“shell shaped” or “scroll shaped.”

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61
Q

Appear as diffuse radiopaque masses or projections within the nasal cavity.

A

Inferior nasal conchae

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62
Q

Are paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla.

A

Maxillary sinus

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63
Q

Maxillary sinuses are located superior to maxillary _____ and ____ teeth. Rarely does the maxillary sinus extend anteriorly beyond the ______.

A
  • premolar and molar
  • canines
64
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

At birth, the maxillary sinus is the size of a small pea. With growth, the maxillary sinus expands and eventually occupies a large portion of the maxilla.

A

TRUE

65
Q

The maxillary sinus may extend to include ? (3)

A
  • interdental bone
  • molar furcation areas
  • maxillary tuberosity region
66
Q

Appears as a radiolucent area located superior to the apices of maxillary premolars and molars.

A

Maxillary sinus

67
Q

The ______ of the maxillary sinus is composed of dense cortical bone and appears as a __________ line.

A

floor
radiopaque

68
Q

May be seen within the maxillary sinus. Are bony walls or partitions that appear to divide the maxillary sinus into compartments.

A

Septa Within Maxillary Sinus

69
Q

Appear as radiopaque lines within the maxillary sinus

A

Septa Within Maxillary Sinus

70
Q

May be seen within maxillary sinuses. These are tiny, tubelike passageways through bone, which contain blood vessels and nerves that supply maxillary teeth and interdental areas.

A

Nutrient canals within maxillary sinus

71
Q

Appears as a narrow radiolucent band bounded by two thin radiopaque lines. The radiopaque lines represent the cortical bone that makes up the walls of the canal.

A

Nutrient canals within maxillary sinus

72
Q

Refers to the intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity as viewed on a dental image.

A

Inverted Y

73
Q

Appears as a radiopaque upside-down Y formed by the intersection of the lateral wall of the nasal fossa and the anterior border of the maxillary sinus.

A

Inverted Y

74
Q

The inverted Y is located superior to the maxillary _______-.

A

canine

75
Q

A rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region. Blood vessels and nerves enter the maxilla in this region and supply posterior teeth

A

Maxillary tuberosity

76
Q

Appears as a radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region.

A

Maxillary tuberosity

77
Q

A small, hooklike projection of bone extending from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone. Located posterior to the maxillary tuberosity region.

A

Hamulus

78
Q

Appears as a radiopaque hooklike projection posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area.

A

Hamulus

79
Q

A bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma, or malar bone. It is composed of dense cortical bone.

A

Zygomatic process of the maxilla

80
Q

Appears as a J-shaped or U-shaped radiopacity located superior to the maxillary first molar region.

A

Zygomatic process of the maxilla

81
Q

the “cheekbone”

A

Zygoma

82
Q

Referred to as the malar bone

A

Zygoma

83
Q

Articulates with the zygomatic process of the maxilla. It is composed of dense cortical bone.

A

Zygoma

84
Q

Appears as a diffuse radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla

A

Zygoma

85
Q

The term mandible comes from Latin mandibula meaning _______.

A

jaw bone

86
Q

The horseshoe-shaped bone that forms the lower jaw bone. It is the largest and strongest bone of the face.

A

Mandible

87
Q

The vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar.

A

Ramus

88
Q

How many ramus does the mandible have?

A

Two (on each side)

89
Q

The horizontal, U-shaped portion that extends from ramus to ramus.

A

Body of the mandible

90
Q

The corner portion formed by the junction of the posterior and lower borders of the ramus.

A

Angle of the mandible

91
Q

The corner portion formed by the junction of the posterior and lower borders of the ramus.

A

Angle of mandible

92
Q

The portion of the mandible that encases and supports teeth

A

Alveolar process

93
Q

The mandible is a single bone that is divided into the what sections? (4)

A
  1. ramus
  2. body
  3. angle
  4. alveolar process
94
Q

Are tiny bumps of bone that serve as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles.

A

Genial tubercles

95
Q

Genial tubercles are located on the _____ aspect of the mandible.

A

lingual

96
Q

Appear as a ring-shaped radiopacity inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors.

A

Genial tubercles

97
Q

A tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible.

A

Lingual foramen

98
Q
  • Appears as a small, radiolucent dot located inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors.
  • It is surrounded by genial tubercles, which appear as a ___________.
A
  • Lingual foramen
  • radiopaque ring
99
Q

The lingual foramen is located near the midline and is surrounded by _____________.

A

genial tubercles

100
Q

Are tubelike passageways through bone that contain nerves and blood vessels that supply teeth.

A

Nutrient canals

101
Q

Are most often seen in the anterior mandible, a region that typically has thin bone.

A

Interdental nutrient canals

102
Q

Appear as vertical radiolucent bands.
Are readily seen in areas of thin bone. In the edentulous mandible, they may be more prominent.

A

Nutrient canals

103
Q

A linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible.

A

Mental ridge

104
Q

The mental ridge extends from the __________ region to the midline and slopes slightly upward.

A

premolar

105
Q

Appears as a thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region.

A

Mental ridge

106
Q

On a dental image, the mental ridge often appears ____________ over ___________ teeth.

A

superimposed; mandibular anterior

107
Q

A scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the external surface of the anterior mandible.

A

Mental fossa

108
Q

The mental fossa is located above the mental ridge in the ______________ region.

A

mandibular incisor

109
Q

Appears as a radiolucent area above the mental ridge.

A

Mental fossa

110
Q

On a dental image, the appearance of the mental fossa varies and is determined by the thickness of the bone in the ________ region of the mandible.

A

anterior

111
Q

An opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars.

A

Mental foramen

112
Q

Blood vessels and nerves that supply the lower lip exit through the _______________-.

A

mental foramen

113
Q

Appears as a small, ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars.

A

Mental foramen

114
Q

The mental foramen may be misdiagnosed as a PERIAPICAL LESION (________, _______, or ______) because of its apical location.

A

periapical cyst, granuloma, or abscess

115
Q

A tubelike passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible.

A

Mandibular canal

116
Q

The mandibular canal extends from the ____________ to the ____________ and houses the ___________ and blood vessels.

A
  • mandibular foramen; mental foramen
  • inferior alveolar nerve
117
Q

Appears as a radiolucent band. Appears below or superimposed over the apices of the mandibular molar teeth.

A

Mandibular canal

118
Q

The mylohyoid ridge is also known as?

A

internal oblique ridge

119
Q

A linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible.

A

Mylohyoid ridge

120
Q

The mylohyoid ridge extends from the ________ region downward and forward to the __________ area.

A

third molar; second premolar

121
Q

Appears as a dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the third molar region at the level of the apices of the posterior teeth.

A

Mylohyoid ridge

122
Q

The mylohyoid ridge usually appears most prominently in the _______ region and may be superimposed over the roots of the mandibular teeth.

A

molar

123
Q

The external oblique ridge is also known as?

A

external oblique line

124
Q

A linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible.

A

External oblique ridge

125
Q

The ________ border of the ramus ends in the external oblique ridge.

A

anterior

126
Q

Appears as a radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible

A

External oblique ridge

127
Q

The external oblique ridge typically ends in the mandibular ________ region.

A

third molar

128
Q

Extends vertically downward from the coronoid process to the external oblique ridge.

A

Anterior border of the ramus

129
Q

May be seen as a slightly radiopaque vertical band posterior to the maxillary and mandibular molars.

A

Anterior border of the ramus

130
Q

The submandibular fossa is also known as? (2)

A

Mandibular fossa or submaxillary fossa

131
Q

A scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge.

A

Submandibular fossa

132
Q

The ___________ is found in the submandibular fossa.

A

Submandibular salivary gland

133
Q

Appears as a radiolucent area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge. Few bony trabeculae are usually seen in this region.

A

Submandibular fossa

134
Q

A marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible. It serves as an attachment site for one of the muscles of mastication.

A

Coronoid process

135
Q

Not seen on a mandibular periapical image but may appear on a maxillary molar periapical image.

Appears as a triangular radiopacity superimposed over, or inferior to, the maxillary tuberosity region.

A

Coronoid process

136
Q

The densest structure found in the human body.

A

Enamel

137
Q

The outermost radiopaque layer of the crown of a tooth.

A

Enamel

138
Q

Found beneath the enamel layer of a tooth and surrounds the pulp cavity. It appears radiopaque and makes up the majority of the tooth structure.

A

Dentin

139
Q

Which is more radiopaque? Enamel or dentin?

A

Enamel

140
Q

The junction between the dentin and the enamel of a tooth.

A
  • Dentino-enamel junction (DEJ)
141
Q

The DEJ appears as a line where the _______ (very radiopaque) meets the ________ (less radiopaque).

A

enamel; dentin

142
Q

The pulp cavity consists of (2)?

A

Pulp chamber
Pulp canals

143
Q

It contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics and appears relatively radiolucent on a dental image.

A

Pulp cavity

144
Q

Pulp cavity is larger in? (children / adults?)

A

Children

145
Q

Pulp cavity decreases in size with age due to the formation of ______________.

A

Secondary dentin

146
Q

Serves as the supporting structure for teeth. It is the bone of the maxilla and the mandible that supports and encases the roots of teeth. It is composed of dense cortical bone and cancellous bone.

A

Alveolar process / alveolar bone

147
Q

The anatomic landmarks of the alveolar process include (3)?

A

lamina dura, the alveolar crest, and the periodontal ligament space.

148
Q

The wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of a tooth. It is made up of dense cortical bone.

A

Lamina dura

149
Q

Appears as a dense radiopaque line that surrounds the root of a tooth.

A

Lamina dura

150
Q

The most coronal portion of alveolar bone found between teeth. It is made up of dense cortical bone and is continuous with the lamina dura.

A

Alveolar crest

151
Q

Appears radiopaque and is typically located 1.5 to 2.0 mm below the junction of the crown and the root surfaces (the cementoenamel junction).

A

Alveolar crest

152
Q

The space between the root of the tooth and the lamina dura. It contains connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics

A

Periodontal Ligament Space

153
Q

Appears as a thin radiolucent line around the root of a tooth. In the healthy periodontium, it appears as a continuous radiolucent line of uniform thickness.

A

Periodontal Ligament Space

154
Q
  • Healthy alveolar crest located in the anterior region appears ___________ between teeth.
  • The alveolar crest appears as a dense ________ line in the anterior region.
A
  • pointed and sharp
  • radiopaque
155
Q
  • Healthy alveolar crest located in the posterior region appears at and ______ between teeth.
  • The alveolar crest located in the posterior region tends to appear __________ and __________ than the alveolar crest seen in the anterior region.
A
  • smooth
  • less dense; less radiopaque

Roent (Lec 1-5 & Anatomic Landmarks) (29 decks)

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