lec 2 Cardiomyopathy

Question 1

Cardiac dysfunction caused by

Answer 1

CARDIOMYOPATHIES, less common

Secondary Myocardial Dysfunction (Mimicking Cardiomyopathy) , more common

Question 2

Cardiomyopathy Types

Answer 2

1.Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (including
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)
2.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
3.Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 3

Hypertrophic dysfunction in

Answer 3

Diastolic dysfunction

Question 4

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy يعني

Answer 4

thickend left ventricular wall
myocardial hypertrophy,
defective diastolic filling,
and— in one third of cases—ventricular outflow obstruction

Question 5

most common type of Cardiomyopathy

Answer 5

dilated Cardiomyopathy

Question 6

Dilated cardiomyopathy يعني

Answer 6

1. enlargement of all cardiac chamber→ cardiac dilation and poor contractility
2. Flabby
3. wall thinning.

Question 7

Restrictive cardiomyopathy يعني

Answer 7

rigid ventricular wall

Question 8

risk in sudden death in young athletes

Answer 8

Hypertrophic dysfunction

Question 9

DCM causes

Answer 9

Genetic causes in 20% to 50% of DCM cases mainly autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance→ Cytoskeletal proteins or proteins that link the sarcomere to
the cytoskeleton

Question 10

the most common manifestation in iron

overload patients

Answer 10

DCM

Question 11

DCM diagnostic age

Answer 11

between 20 and 50 years of age

Question 12

DCM treatment

Answer 12

Cardiac transplantation

Question 13

Mural thrombi are often present and may be a source of thromboemboli in

Answer 13

DCM

Question 14

DCM Manifests with

Answer 14

progressive CHF, including dyspnea, easy fatigability, and poor exertional capacity.
• One half of patients die within 2 years (cardiac failure or Arrhythmia)

Question 15

The heart in DCM characteristically is

Answer 15

enlarged

Question 16

The characteristic histologic abnormalities in DCM are

Answer 16

iron overload
↑ intramyocardial hemosiderin.
myocytes exhibit hypertrophy with enlarged nuclei
fibrosis

Question 17

cardiomyopathy common

Answer 17

DCM

Question 18

cardiomyopathy common

Answer 18

DCM > HCM > RCM

Question 19

HCM Genetic causes

Answer 19

Missense mutation → autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance → proteins that form the contractile apparatus in particular βmyosin heavy chain

Question 20

the different between HCM and DCM

Answer 20

1. IN HCM The heart is thick-walled
   IN DCM   The heart is thin  walled
2.The heart in DCM  is Flabby
   The heart in HCM is not flabby 
3.The heart in DCM  is poorly contractile
   The heart in HCM is hypercontractile

Question 21

IN HCM the heart is

Answer 21

heavy
myocardial hypertrophy without ventricular dilation
asymmetric septal hypertrophy)

Question 22

asymmetric septal hypertrophy)

Answer 22

Disproportionate thickening of the ventricular septum relative to the left ventricle free wall

Question 23

HCM….. MORPHOLOGY

Answer 23

banana-shaped” ventricular lumen

Question 24

HCM age

Answer 24

post pubertal growth spurt…but can occur at any age

Question 25

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM) Causes

Answer 25

– Primary, Idiopathic (unknown cause)
– Secondary to systemic diseases:
• radiation fibrosis, 
• amyloidosis,
• sarcoidosis, 
• inborn errors of metabolism.

Question 26

RCM Characterized by

Answer 26

a primary decrease in ventricular

compliance, resulting in impaired ventricular filling during diastole

Question 27

RCM شو وضع القلب

Answer 27

ventricles are normal size or only slightly enlarged

Question 28

vantricular cavities in RCM are

Answer 28

not dilated,

Question 29

myocardium in RCM IS

Answer 29

firm

Question 30

Both atria in RCM are

Answer 30

dilated as a consequence of restricted ventricular filling and pressure overloads

Question 31

Microscopic examination reveals in RCM

Answer 31

interstitial fibrosis.

Question 32

Endomyocardial biopsy often can reveal in RCM

Answer 32

Amyloidosis, sarcoidosis