lec 1 Flashcards
Rheumatic fever Definition
acute inflammatory disease
immunologically
multisystem
Rheumatic fever متى ببلش
few weeks after an episode of group A streptococcal pharyngitis
Rheumatic fever نسبة الناس يلي بصير عندهم
3% of infected patients with streptococcal pharyngitis
Etiology of Rheumatic fever
Group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infections( pharyngitis or skin)
Rheumatic fever occurs mainly among
children (most often) and adolescents but may be seen in adults (20%)
Mortality of Rheumatic fever
less than 1%
Acute rheumatic fever is
hypersensitivity reaction
endothelium is
valvular self antigen
myosin
myocardial self antigen
M proteins) cross-react with
- myosin
2. endothelium
antibodies and CD4+ T cells directed against
group A streptococcal molecules (M proteins)
Pathogenesis of Antibody
activate complement →recruit Fc-receptor bearing cells ( e.g neutrophils and macrophages)
Pathogenesis of CD 4 +T cells
Stimulated CD 4 +T cells cytokine
production macrophage activation ( seen
within Aschoff bodies).
clinical signs of acute carditis
– pericardial friction rub (by auscultation)
– arrhythmias (ECG)
– myocarditis , if sever cardiac dilation →
functional mitral insufficiency CHF.
Laboratory tests
• ↑White blood cell count
•↑ ESR, CRP, Ferritin
• Serum titers of antibodies against one or
more streptococcal antigens (ASO) usually are
elevated.
• cultures for streptococci are ?? negative