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Endocrine > Lec 18 antihyperglycemics > Flashcards

Lec 18 antihyperglycemics Flashcards

1
Q

What secretes insulin?

A

beta cells

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2
Q

What secretes islet amyloid peptide [amylin]?

A

beta cells of pancrea

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3
Q

What is function of amylin [islet amyloid peptide]?

A

modulates app

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4
Q

What secretes glucagon?

A

alpha cells

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5
Q

What is action of glucagon?

A

mobilizes glycogen stores and turns on gluconeogenesis

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6
Q

What secretes somatostatin?

A

delta cells of pancreas

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7
Q

What is action of somatostatin?

A

inhibits secretion of other pancreatic and GI hormones

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8
Q

What secretes pancreatic peptide?

A

F cells [PP cells] of pancrea

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9
Q

What is action of pancreatic peptide?

A

facilitates digestive processes produced by F cells

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10
Q

What is preferred treatment for gestational diabetes?

A

insulin

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11
Q

How is insulin synthesized?

A

from preproinsulin –> proinsulin processed in golgi apparatus –> packaged to granules and cleaved to insulin and peptide C

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12
Q

What is mech of insulin secretion?

A

if high gluc concentration –> enter by GLUT2 –> ATP production increases –> K channels close and depolarize cell –> Ca channels open and Ca enters –> increase insulin secretion

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13
Q

How is insulin degraded?

A

60% by liver

35-40% by kideny

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14
Q

What type of receptor is insulin receptor?

A

tyrosine kinase

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15
Q

Where is GLUT1? function?

A

all tissues esp RBCs, brain

  • basal uptake of glucose; transports across BBB
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16
Q

Where is GLUT2? function?

A

beta cells of pancreas, liver, kidney, gut

  • regulation of insulin release and other aspects of glucose homeostasis
17
Q

Where is GLUT3? function?

A

brain, placenta

  • uptake into neurons, other tissues
18
Q

Where is GLUT4? function?

A

muscle, adipose

  • insulin-mediated uptake of glucose
19
Q

Where is GLUT5? function?

A

gut, kidney

  • absorption of fructose
20
Q

What are effects of insulin on liver?

A
  • inhibit glycogenolysis, convert fatty acids and AA to keto acids; convert AA to glucose
  • promote glucose storage as glycogen
  • increase TG synthesis and VLDL fomation
21
Q

What are the effects of insulin on muscle?

A
  • increase protein synthesis

- increase glycogen synthesis

22
Q

What are effects of insulin on adipose tissue?

A

increase TG storage

23
Q

What is incretin effect?

A

increased release of insulin in response to oral glucose admin vs IV admin b/c of release of GI peptide hormones [incretins] from GI endocrine cells which increase insulin release = GLP1 and GIP

24
Q

What is DDP?

A

DDP = dipeptidyl peptidase; metabolizes GLP-1 therefore less insulin release in response to oral glucose

Endocrine (21 decks)

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