Lec 16 Diabetes and Obesity

Question 1

What is equation for BMI?

Answer 1

weight [kg] / height [m2]

Question 2

In which people does BMI overestimate body fat? in which people does it underestimate?

Answer 2

overestimates body fat in muscular people

underestimated body fat in people with lost muscle mass

Question 3

WHat is normal BMI?

Answer 3

18.5 to 24.9

Question 4

What is overweight BMI?

Answer 4

25-30

Question 5

What is class 1 obesity vs class 2 vs class 3?

Answer 5

class 1 = 30-35
class 2 = 35-40
class 3 = morbid obesity > 40

Question 6

What is prevalence of overweight and obese?

Answer 6

2/3 of US adults are overweight

1/3 of US adults are obses

Question 7

What distribution of fat is associated with higher morbidity?

Answer 7

excess visceral abdomen fat associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risks

Question 8

What is leptin?

Answer 8

produced in adipocytes

• decreased release with fasting and leanness
• increased release with increased weight and foot intake

Question 9

Do men or women lose weight faster? why?

Answer 9

men have more lean body mass so higher energy expenditure

Question 10

What waist circumference suggests abdominal obesity in men/women?

Answer 10

men > 40 inches

women > 35 inches

Question 11

What is risk of mortality with diabetes?

Answer 11

diabetes raises risk of mortality by 80%

Question 12

What is TG level for metabolic syndrome?

Answer 12

TG > 150

Question 13

What is HDL level for metabolic syndrome?

Answer 13

< 40 mg/dl in men

< 50 in premenopasual women

Question 14

What is BP level for metabolic syndrome?

Answer 14

> 130/85

Question 15

What is fasting plasma glucose for metabolic syndrome?

Answer 15

> 100 mg/dL

Question 16

What is the single most important predictor of development of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 16

obesity

Question 17

What are clinical predictors of sleep apnea?

Answer 17

• neck circumference
• htn
• snoring
• nocturnal choking or gasping

Question 18

What is lean body mass?

Answer 18

major determinant of resting energy expenditure

Question 19

WHat is equation for total energy expenditure?

Answer 19

TEE = REE [resting energy expenditure] + thermogenesis + activity

Question 20

what is insulin action in muscle and fat cells?

Answer 20

binds insulin receptor and causes mobilization of glut4 receptors to plasma membrane to allow glucose entry into cell

Question 21

What are levels of glucagon in type 2 DM?

Answer 21

high glucagon from alpha cell in pancrease