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chembio lab > lec > Flashcards

lec Flashcards

1
Q

Make up the materials we encounter everyday.

A

atoms

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2
Q

It is a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element (TechTarget).

A

atoms

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3
Q

They react in simple whole number ratios form compounds

A

atoms

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4
Q

are composed of atoms of two or more elements.

A

compounds

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5
Q

Its molar mass may be determined from the atomic masses of the component atomic elements and this molar mass of the compound is numerically equal to the molecular mass

A

compounds

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6
Q

Commonly denoted as NA, is a SI defining constant with an exact value of 6.02214076x1023 reciprocal moles.

A

avogadro’s number

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7
Q

It is used as a factor in the amount of substance in a sample, defined as the number of constituent particles divided by NA.

A

avogadro’s number

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8
Q

The quantity of substance that contains the same number of ultimate particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) as are contained in precisely 12.00 g of a particular isotope of carbon 12C.

A

mole

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9
Q

molar mass of a compound

A

molecular mass in grams

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10
Q

molar mass of an element

A

atomic mass in grams

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11
Q

Avogadro’s number

A

N = 6.02 x 10^23 particles per mole

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12
Q

Molar mass

A

grams/mole

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13
Q

1 molecule of C6H12O6

A

6 atoms C, 12 atoms H, 6 atoms O

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14
Q

1 mole of C6H12O6

A

6 moles C, 12 moles H, 6 moles O

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15
Q

is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

A

solution

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16
Q

is the substance dissolved in a solvent and is usually present in smaller amount

A

solute

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17
Q

is the dissolving medium

A

solvent

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18
Q

components of a solution

A

solid, gas, liquid

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19
Q

solute: gas
solvent: gas
solution: ?

A

gas (air)

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20
Q

solute: gas
solvent: liquid
solution: ?

A

liquid (soda water, co2 in water)

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21
Q

solute: liquid
solvent: liquid
solution: ?

A

liquid (ethanol in water)

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22
Q

solute: gas
solvent: solid
solution: ?

A

solid (H2 in palladium)

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23
Q

solute: solid
solvent: liquid
solution: ?

A

liquid (salt in water)

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24
Q

solute: solid
solvent: solid
solution: ?

A

solid (bronze, brass, solder)

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25
Q

contains the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature.

A

saturated solution

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26
Q

contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve.

A

unsaturated solution

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27
Q

contains more solute than is present in a saturated solution.

A

supersaturated solution

28
Q

is the ratio of the mass of a solute to the mass of the solution, multiplied by 100 percent.

A

percent by mass (%w/w)

29
Q

Is the percent by mass of each element in a compound

A

percent composition by mass

30
Q

is obtained by dividing the mass of each element in 1 mole of the compound by the molar mass of the compound and multiplying by 100 percent

A

percent composition by mass

31
Q

is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound.

A

empirical formula

32
Q

a process in which a substance (or substances) is changed into one or more new substances

A

chemical reaction

33
Q

uses chemical symbols to show what happens during a chemical reaction

A

chemical equation

34
Q

the starting materials in chemical reaction

A

reactants

35
Q

the substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

A

product

36
Q

diatomic elements

A

hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I)

tip: Cl I H F Br O N

37
Q

is the quantitative study of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

A

stoichiometry

38
Q

is the reactant used up first in a reaction.

A

limiting reagent

39
Q

are the reactants present in quantities greater than necessary to react with the quantity of the limiting reagent

A

excess reagent

40
Q

the amount of product that would result if all the limiting reagent reacted.

A

theoretical yield

41
Q

the amount of product actually obtained from a reaction, is always less than the theoretical yield

A

actual yield

42
Q

describes the proportion of the actual yield to the theoretical yield is the measure of how efficient a given reaction is.

A

percent yield

43
Q

is one of the most important operations in a chemical analysis

A

sampling

44
Q

it is the most difficult step in the entire analytical process and the step that limits the accuracy of the procedure

A

sampling

45
Q

are used to identify chemical species, a qualitative analysis, from one that determines the amount of a constituent, a quantitative analysis

A

analytical methods

46
Q

is the representative portion of the bulk material.

A

sample

47
Q

the process by which a representative fraction is acquired.

A

sampling

48
Q

a substance or chemical constituent that is of interest in an analytical procedure.

A

analyte

49
Q

contains species that have chemical properties similar to the analyte.

A

sample matrix

50
Q

Such species can react with the same reagents as the analyte or they can cause an instrument response that cannot be easily distinguished from the analyte

A

sample matrix

51
Q

interference that is caused by extraneous species in the matrix.

A

matrix effects

52
Q

Such effects can be induced not just by the sample itself but also by the reagent and the solvent used to prepare the samples.

A

matrix effects

53
Q

macro analysis

A

> 0.1 g

54
Q

semimicro analysis

A

0.01-0.1gg

55
Q

micro analysis

A

0.0001-0.01 g

56
Q

ultramicro analysis

A

< 0.0001 (10^-4) g

57
Q

major constituent

A

1%-100%

58
Q

minor constituent

A

0.01% (100 ppm) -1%

59
Q

trace constituent

A

1 ppb to 100 ppm

60
Q

ultratrace constituent

A

<1 ppb

61
Q

The items chosen for analysis are often called

A

sampling units, increments, gross sample

62
Q

steps in obtaining a representative sample

A

1) identify the population
2) collect a gross sample
3) reduce the gross sample to a lab sample

63
Q

is a device which detects or measures a physical property

A

sensor

64
Q

Sampling of metals and alloys is obtained by

A

sawing, milling, drilling

65
Q

can often then be produced by pouring the melt into distilled
water.

A

granular sample

chembio lab (6 decks)

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