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cell organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleus: specialized structure within the cell which contains _____ and controls cell functioning and reproduction

A

DNA

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2
Q

Organelles: _____ bodies with specific structures and functions within the
cell.

A

small

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3
Q

Cell Membrane (also _____): the thin layer which ________

A

plasma membrane

separates the cell contents from the environment

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4
Q

Vacuole: membrane enclosed, _____

A

fluid-filled spaces

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5
Q

plant cells have _____ that surrounds the CM

A

cell wall

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6
Q

Plastids: membrane-bound structures that usually ______ and give plant cells their colors. (i.e. chloroplast)

A

contain pigments

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7
Q

prokaryotes lack ___

A

nucleus

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8
Q

prokaryotes are ____

A

unicellular

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9
Q

animal cell center is

A

nucleus; contains genetic info

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10
Q

mitochondria

A

produce energy for the cell, powerhouse of the cell

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11
Q

glycogen granules

A

storage form of glucose

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12
Q

plant cell center is

A

nucleus, contains genetic info in form of DNA

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13
Q

plant cells have many what

A

vacuoles

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14
Q

cells are surround by a thin membrane of ____ and ____

A

lipid and protein

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15
Q

function of CM/PM

A

transport of materials in and out of the cell, recognition, communication, homoestasis

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16
Q

each phospholipid has a ____ and _____

A

hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head

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17
Q

CM/PM has a consistency of

A

light machine oil

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18
Q

cell membrane is _____ (let some substances)

A

selectively permeable, partially permeable, semi-permeable

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19
Q

two layers of phospholipid molecules are interspersed with

A

cholesterol and proteins

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20
Q

the water attracting heads anchor the _____ to the ____

A

membrane; cytoplasm

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21
Q

water-hating tails allow what molecules

A

fat-soluble molecules (tranquilizers and sleeping pills)

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22
Q

proteins in the CM function as

A

transport of large water soluble molecules (sugars and amino acids)

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23
Q

glycoprotein function

A

identify the cell as belonging to a unique organism, enables the immune system to detect foreign cells

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24
Q

cholesterol function in CM

A

as stabilizers that limit the movements of 2 slippery phospholipid layers

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25
tiny gaps in the CM (interstices) function
enable small molecules (o2) to diffuse readily into and out of the cell
26
aerobic respiration
process that provides the cell with the energy needed to carry out its functions
27
plant cells have a ____ that surronds their CM
cell wall
28
cell wall of plant cells is made up of
cellulose fibers
29
cell wall function in plant cells
lends shape to plant cell, doesnt participate in cell activitypl
30
plant cell wall is made of
cellulose (long mol of carbo)
31
fungi cell wall is made of
chitin (amino sugar glucosamine)
32
bacterials cell is made of
mureins (polysaccharide chain linked by amino acids); peptidoglycan
33
chloroplasts and plastids are what makers?
they are food makers
34
chloroplasts contain
pigments and give plant cells their colors
35
the most prominent plastid is the
chloroplast
36
some plastids are
storage bodies for starch, proteins, oils
37
chromoplasts are
colored plastids
38
chloroplasts are
chlorophyll bearing plastids (green)
39
carotenoids/xanthrophylls
yellow/oragne, cream, red, brown
40
leucoplasts are
white or colorless plastids
41
leucoplasts contain
starch, oils, protein granules
42
this is where the chlorophyll is located
granum/grana
43
give me the order of grana
thylakoid - granum - grana
44
chloroplasts
double-membrane bound organelles, where photosynthesis occurs
45
give me the chemical equation for photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O ---sunlight----> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
46
chem eq for cellular respi
6 O2 + C6H12O6 ----> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
47
chlorophyll absorbs what
energy of the sun/ sunlight, for reducing CO2 to glucose
48
vesicle and vacuole functions
for transport and storage of materials
49
plant cells have one large
central vacuole
50
central vacuole functions
water, food, waste stoage, cell support extension of ER membrane
51
membrane of central vacuole is
tonoplast
52
cell sap (fluid) functions
water with dissolved substances
53
food vacuoles are what
processing centers
54
storage vacuoles functions
contain the finished products (fats)
55
excretory vacuoles
for elimination of wastes
56
peroxisomes
contain enzymes that form hydrogen peroxide, and break it down into water and oxygen
57
the nucleus is the cell's what
cell's gpu
58
nuclesus is the
control center, brain of the cell
59
nucleus contains
contains dna and site of manufacture of rna
60
nucleus is surrounded by
nuclear envelope
61
nuclear envelope has
pores, which are nuclear pores
62
function of nuclear pores
allow selected molecules into and out of the nucleus
63
chromosomes consist of
long strands of DNA
64
DNA is wound into coils with proteins called
histones
65
chromatin
combination of dna and histone proteins
66
chromosomes function
packaging of dna during nuclear division, control of gene expression
67
nucleus contains one or more dark-staining discrete structures
nucleoli
68
nucleoli functions
sites of rRNA synthesis
69
er is a system of
membranous tubular canals (outside of nucleus and branches throughout the cytoplasm)
70
function of rough er
protein synthesis
71
attached to rough er is
ribosome
72
function of smooth er
lipid synthesis
73
function of lipids
growth of CM, used to make hormones, detoxify drugs/chemicals
74
ER is the cell's
membrane factory
75
smooth er synthesizes what
phospholipids and cholesterol
76
ribosomes consist of
rRNA and proteins
77
ribosome is the site for
protein synthesis
78
mRNA function
used as template to make proteins
79
rRNA function
makes up ribosomes
80
tRNA function
matches amino acids to mRNA to help make proteins
81
who discovered golgi apparatus
camillo golgi
82
the stack of golgi body is made of
6 or more saccuoles
83
golgi body function
modification, assembly, packaging, storage, and secretion of substances
84
special vesicles which are formed by the golgi
lysosomes
85
lysosomes contain
powerful hydrolytic enzymes
86
functions of lysosomes
cellular digestion, autodigestion, breakdown of a whole cell. called suicide sacs
87
lysosomes contain over ___
40 diff enzymes
88
mitochondria
largest organelle in an animal cell, after nucleus
89
mitochondria has folds
cristae, where energy is produces
90
mitochondria functions
for cellular respiration, converts glucose and fatty acids to atp
91
how many molecules of atp
38 atp mols
92
human mitochondria dna is how many long
16,569 nucleotide pairs long
93
prokaryotes characs
single-celled, lack true nucleus, dna is circular
94
eukaryotes characs
contain nuclei
95

chembio lab (6 decks)

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