Lec 03 Heart and Great vessels, structure, function, development Flashcards
Angiogenetic cell clusters eventually become what structure?
The heart
The angiogenetic cell clusters form in its own coelom, which then becomes the…
pericardium (regional serosa of heart)
Angiogenetic cell clusters extend in a _____ shape in its own body cavity
Angiogenetic cell clusters extend in a horseshoe shape in its own body cavity
What divides the heart into right and left sides?
the septum
The tube exiting the heart at its cranial end is the ____ ____ - it then subdivides: The right side connects with the _____ The left side ____ the body
The tube exiting the heart at its cranial end is the __ventral__ __aorta__ - it then subdivides: The right side connects with the __lungs___ The left side __supplies__ the body
When the heart is in the ventral (anterior) view what ventricle is most visible?
the right ventricle
When the heart is in the dorsal (posterior) view what ventricle is most visible?
the left ventricle
The right atrium receives _____ blood from the _____?
The right atrium receives __deoxygenated__ blood from the _body_ via superior/ inferior vena cava
The right ventricle receives _______ blood from the right atrium and sends it to the _____
The right ventricle receives ___deoxygenated___ blood from the right atrium and send it to the _lungs_
The left atrium receives _______ blood from the _____
The left atrium receives ___oxygenated____ blood from the __lungs___
the left ventricle receives _____ blood from the left atrium and sends it to the ____
the left ventricle receives __oxygenated___ blood from the left atrium and sends it to the __body__
Label this:
- right subclavian
Why are the walls of the left ventricle thicker?
because the left side of the heart needs to pump blood to body (covers alot more surface area)
What are the FIRST branches of the aorta and blood supply of the heart wall
The coronary arties which consist of:
a) the left coronary artery
b) right coronary artery
c) anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery
d) right marginal branch
What are the SECOND blood supply of the heart wall
The cardiac veins
sympathetic motor impulses do what to the heart rate?
Parasympathetic motor impulses do what to the heart rate?
sympathetic- speeds up
parasympathetic- slows down
Sympathetic: Upper _____ segments (T_-T_) go up to the ____ and come back down to the heart… why does it do this?
Sympathetic: Upper thoracic segments (T3-T4) go up to the neck and come back down to the heart because when the embryo is forming the aorta starts near the head and moves down, bring the nerve down with it
What are the steps to the intrinsic regulation of heart beat?
describe the steps for the intrinsic regulation of heart beat
- Sinoatrial node is PACEMAKER OF HEART, and beginning of process. Geenrates periodic impulses that initiate contraction of right atrium.
- Signal then runs to Atrioventricular node. Message is passed along a track of Purkinje fibers called the…
- Atrioventricular bundle. Atrioventricular bundle then splits into right and left limbs/branches that pass to individual inner ventricular walls on right and left.
Intrinsic regulation of heart beat
•System made up of cells called _____ (insulated from surrounding cells of heart.
Intrinsic regulation of heart beat
•System made up of cells called Purkinje fibers (insulated from surrounding cells of heart.
What are the characteristics of cardiac muscles?
- Cardiac muscle = intermediate between ___ & ___muscle.
- Cardiac muscle = _______
- _____ _____
- Cardiac muscle = intermediate between skeletal & smooth muscle.
- Cardiac muscle = uninucleate
- Intercalated discs.
what is the equation to find your maximum heartrate
example: what is the maximum heart rate of a 50 year old man?
208-(0.7)(your age)= normal maximum heart rate
ex: 208-(0.7)(50)= 173 bpm
Aortic arch summary:
Arch I becomes…
Arch I: Mostly disappears ( a small part becomes a bit of the maxillary artery).
aortic arch summary:
what happens to arch II?
DISAPPEARS
Aortic arch summary:
Arch III becomes…
this artery serves….
Arch III: CAROTID ARCH – becomes part of carotid arteries.
serves the head and neck
Aortic Arch Summary:
Arch IV becomes…
what happens to the right ? what about the left?
Aortic Arch Summary:
Arch IV: AORTIC ARCH – Right side disappears. Left side becomes ARCH OF AORTA.
Aortic Arch summary:
What becomes of Arch V?
DISAPPEARS
Aortic Arch Summary:
What becomes of arch VI?
Aortic Arch Summary:
Arch VI: PULMONARY ARCH – Becomes pulmonary artery to lungs.
The embryological cardinal veins look like a big letter ___
H
Great Veins of the Thorax
- Venous blood dumps in the ___ atrium of the heart.
(a) Blood from the crainal region enters via _____
(b) Body blood enters via ______ - Inferior vena cava - passes through the _____ after receiving blood from the abdominal gut.
- Superior vena cave & its 3 tributaries:
(a) _______
(b) _______
(c) _______
Great Veins of the Thorax
- Venous blood dumps in the right atrium of the heart.
(a) Blood from the cranial region enters via superior vena cava
(b) Body blood enters via inferior vena cava - Inferior vena cava - passes through the diaphragm after receiving blood from the abdominal gut.
- Superior vena cave & its 3 tributaries:
(a) Azygous vein
(b) Right brachiocephalic vein
(c) Left brachiocephalic vein
Which arches contribute to the brachiocephalic trunk?
Arch 3 and 4
Function of the Heart & Control of Heartbeat
- Contracts spontaneously; does not need ____ stimulation to contract.
- ____ nerves that supply the human heart = _____ heart rate.
- ______ motor impulses speed up heart rate & ______ motor impulses slow it down.
SYMPATHETIC: UPPER THORACIC SEGMENTS (__-__) GO UP TO THE ____, AND COME BACK DOWN TO THE HEART. Why would it do this?!?
PARASYMPATHETIC: _____ NERVE (_)
Function of the Heart & Control of Heartbeat
- Contracts spontaneously; does not need nervous stimulation to contract.
- Motor nerves that supply the human heart = modulate heart rate.
- Sympathetic motor impulses speed up heart rate & parasympathetic motor impulses slow it down.
SYMPATHETIC: UPPER THORACIC SEGMENTS (T1-T4) GO UP TO THE NECK, AND COME BACK DOWN TO THE HEART. Why would it do this?!?
PARASYMPATHETIC: VAGUS NERVE (X)
Function of the Heart & Control of Heartbeat
- Contracts spontaneously; does not need nervous stimulation to contract.
- Motor nerves that supply the human heart = modulate heart rate.
- Sympathetic motor impulses speed up heart rate & parasympathetic motor impulses slow it down.
SYMPATHETIC: UPPER THORACIC SEGMENTS (T1-T4) GO UP TO THE NECK, AND COME BACK DOWN TO THE HEART. Why would it do this?!?
The heart developed in the head, and then was pushed down
PARASYMPATHETIC: VAGUS NERVE (X)
What are the last tribiutaries to the superior vena cava?
- what are the superior vena cava’s 3 tributaries?
the azygous vein
-
Superior vena cave & its 3 tributaries:
(a) Azygous vein
(b) Right brachiocephalic vein
(c) Left brachiocephalic vein
What is the superior vena cava, azygous, left brachiocephalic and hemiazygous vein derived from?
- what does the sinus venosus become?
superior vena cava= right anterior cardinal vein
azygous= right posterior cardinal vein
brachiocephalic= left anterior cardinal vein
hemiazygous= left posterior cardinal vein
-sinus venous becomes wall of right atrium
