Leaves, Flowers And Fruits

Question 1

What is pollination?

Answer 1

When a ,ale gametophyte from one flower fertilizes the female gametophyte to create new genetically different offspring that forms a seed

Question 2

What happens after a seed has been formed?

Answer 2

Goes into the ground and can survive for decades until there are right conditions for them to germinate and grow into new adult flowering plants

Question 3

What encases a seed

Answer 3

A fruit at is formed from the ovary walls/receptacle of a pollinated flower

Question 4

What is a broad advantage for seed dispersal ?

Answer 4

It decreases the competition among the seeds from the same plants and increases opportunities for seeds to grow in new and potentially favourable environments

Question 5

What are the 4 main parts of a plant?

Answer 5

Sepals, petals, stamens and carpels

Question 6

Structure and function of epidermis

Answer 6

Cells from a single layer, tightly packed on paper and lower surface of the leaf, are living and have thin cell walls
-protection from environment and secrete a waxy cuticle

Question 7

Structure and function of guard cells

Answer 7

Pair chloroplasts - contain cells that form small opening called stoma
-open and close stoma, facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis and help minimize water loss

Question 8

Structure and function of xylem vessels

Answer 8

Long hollow chains or tough long dead xylem cells. Pits and perforations, gaps in primary and secondary cell walls
-aid in upward water flow

Question 9

Structure and function of sieve-tube elements of phloem

Answer 9

Long thin cells with perforated ends (sieve plates) and connected to companion cells - provide nutrients to sieve tube
-transport sugar and nutrients

Question 10

Structure and function of spongy mesophyll

Answer 10

Layer of cells in interior of leaves that’s are loosely arranged and irregularly shaped
-interchange of gases needed for photosynthesis

Question 11

Structure and function of sclerenchyma fibres

Answer 11

Extremely elongated, spindle shaped cells narrow lumen, simple rounded pits and lignified secondary cell wall
-mechanical support for plants, surface fibres help in seed and fruit dispersal

Question 12

Label a flower

Answer 12

Look at lab book

Question 13

Parts of carpel and functions

Answer 13

• stigma: pollen grain enters
• style: hold stigma in high positions; increases the likelihood of pollination
• receptacle: gives rise to edible fruit after fertilization
• ovary: protects ovule

Question 14

Parts of stamen and function

Answer 14

• anther: where pollen grain is produced
• filament: holds the anther high ti increase the likelihood of being spread
• petals: landing pad for insects to stop and obtain nectar while also pollinating
• receptacle: gives rise to edible fruit after fertilization

Question 15

Differences between eudicot and monocot

Answer 15

Monocots:

• 1 seed,
• leaf : veins are parallel
• flower: multiples of 3
• root: fibrous

Eudicot: 
-2 seeds
-leaf: netlike 
-petals multiples of 4/5
Root: tap roots

Question 16

What is a hydrophyte ? Adaptations?

Answer 16

Water plant

• large thin, floating leaves
• reduced root system
• aerial flowers
• little or no waxy cuticle
• poorly developed xylem tissue
• little or no lignin

Question 17

What is a xerophyte? Adaptations?

Answer 17

Desert plants

• reduced, rolled leaves
• thicker waxy cuticle
• stomata in pits with hair
• lower growth to ground

Question 18

Difference between superior and inferior ovary

Answer 18

Superior:
Base of ovary is located above the sepals, petals and stamens.

Inferior:
Has ovary located below sepals, petals, stamen