Digestive And Excretory Flashcards
What are all the organs that the food passes through?
Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Cecum Large intestine Rectum Anus
What are all the accessory rages in the digestive system and what molecules are released from each?
Pancreas - insulin, glucagon
Liver - bile
Gall bladder -bile
Salivary glands - saliva
What are the three tubes connected to each kidney ?
Renal vein, renal artery and ureter
What does the renal vein contain, where did the contents come from and where do they go afterwards?
Deoxygenated blood from the kidney to the heart
What does the renal artery contain, where did the contents cone from and where do they go afterwards?
Oxygenated blood from the heart to the kidney
What does the ureter contain, where did the contents come from and where do they go afterwards?
Urine from the kidney to the bladder
How does the excretory system help you maintain homeostasis when you are dehydrated?
It removes waste products but nutrients and essential water is reabsorbed (dark urine means nephrons reabsorbed the water)
What is the glomerular filtrate?
What is left after blood is filtered through the glomerulus. Contains water, glucose, salts, and urea
Why is there no protein in the glomerular filtrate/urine?
Proteins are large molecules and cannot fit through the blood capillary walls
Explain why glucose concentrations are 120 mg/100mLin the blood entering and exiting the glomerulus and in the filtrate but absent in urine
Glucose is absorbed in nephron of kidney, if it present in high amounts or unable to be reabsorbed it will be present in urine
Explain why urea concentrations are 30mg/100mLin blood entering and exiting the glomerulus and the glomerular filtrate, but is 2000m/100mL in the urine
Urea cant escape the nephron but water and Na+ do. Urea becomes concentrated in urine.
At the loop of Henle, water diffused out of the nephron as the filtrate moves down the loop, then Na+ diffuses/gets pumped out of the nephron as the filtrate moves up the loop.
More water leaves the nephron at the collecting duct - urea concentration is higher in the renal artery than the renal vein
What are the enzymes involved in digesting starch into simple sugars
Salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase
What is the function of salivary amylase and where is it synthesized?
Salivary glands, it is in the mouth breaking apart carbs (releasing sugars)
What is the function of pancreatic amylase? Where is it synthesized?
Breaks apart carbs. Pancreas - in small intestine
What are the enzymes involved in digestion protein into amino acids ?
Carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, elastase, pepsin, trypsin
What is the function of carboxypeptidase? Where is it synthesized?
Pancreas and in sm intestine breaking peptide bonds in polypeptides (releasing aminos)
What is the function of chymotrypsin and where is it synthesized?
Pancreas And sm intestine, breaking peptide bonds in polypeptides
What is the function of elastase? Where is it synthesized?
Pancreas and sm intestine. Breaks peptide bonds
What is the function of pepsin and where is it synthesized?
Stomach, breaks peptide bonds between certain amino acids in proteins releasing polypeptides
What is the function of trypsin ? Where is it synthesized?
Pancreas and in sm intestine. Breaks specific peptide bonds n polypeptides (releasing aminos )
What are the enzymes involved in digesting DNA?
Uncleared
What is the function of nucleases and where is it synthesized?
Pancreas and small intestine breaking apart nucleic acids (released nucleotides)
What are the enzymes involved in digesting fats into fatty acids and glycerol?
Lingual lipase and pancreatic lipase
What is the function of lingual lipase and where is it synthesized?
Salivary glands and in mouth breaking bonds in fats releasing fatty acids and monoglycerides
