Digestive And Excretory Flashcards
What are all the organs that the food passes through?
Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Cecum Large intestine Rectum Anus
What are all the accessory rages in the digestive system and what molecules are released from each?
Pancreas - insulin, glucagon
Liver - bile
Gall bladder -bile
Salivary glands - saliva
What are the three tubes connected to each kidney ?
Renal vein, renal artery and ureter
What does the renal vein contain, where did the contents come from and where do they go afterwards?
Deoxygenated blood from the kidney to the heart
What does the renal artery contain, where did the contents cone from and where do they go afterwards?
Oxygenated blood from the heart to the kidney
What does the ureter contain, where did the contents come from and where do they go afterwards?
Urine from the kidney to the bladder
How does the excretory system help you maintain homeostasis when you are dehydrated?
It removes waste products but nutrients and essential water is reabsorbed (dark urine means nephrons reabsorbed the water)
What is the glomerular filtrate?
What is left after blood is filtered through the glomerulus. Contains water, glucose, salts, and urea
Why is there no protein in the glomerular filtrate/urine?
Proteins are large molecules and cannot fit through the blood capillary walls
Explain why glucose concentrations are 120 mg/100mLin the blood entering and exiting the glomerulus and in the filtrate but absent in urine
Glucose is absorbed in nephron of kidney, if it present in high amounts or unable to be reabsorbed it will be present in urine
Explain why urea concentrations are 30mg/100mLin blood entering and exiting the glomerulus and the glomerular filtrate, but is 2000m/100mL in the urine
Urea cant escape the nephron but water and Na+ do. Urea becomes concentrated in urine.
At the loop of Henle, water diffused out of the nephron as the filtrate moves down the loop, then Na+ diffuses/gets pumped out of the nephron as the filtrate moves up the loop.
More water leaves the nephron at the collecting duct - urea concentration is higher in the renal artery than the renal vein
What are the enzymes involved in digesting starch into simple sugars
Salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase
What is the function of salivary amylase and where is it synthesized?
Salivary glands, it is in the mouth breaking apart carbs (releasing sugars)
What is the function of pancreatic amylase? Where is it synthesized?
Breaks apart carbs. Pancreas - in small intestine
What are the enzymes involved in digestion protein into amino acids ?
Carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, elastase, pepsin, trypsin
What is the function of carboxypeptidase? Where is it synthesized?
Pancreas and in sm intestine breaking peptide bonds in polypeptides (releasing aminos)
What is the function of chymotrypsin and where is it synthesized?
Pancreas And sm intestine, breaking peptide bonds in polypeptides
What is the function of elastase? Where is it synthesized?
Pancreas and sm intestine. Breaks peptide bonds
What is the function of pepsin and where is it synthesized?
Stomach, breaks peptide bonds between certain amino acids in proteins releasing polypeptides
What is the function of trypsin ? Where is it synthesized?
Pancreas and in sm intestine. Breaks specific peptide bonds n polypeptides (releasing aminos )
What are the enzymes involved in digesting DNA?
Uncleared
What is the function of nucleases and where is it synthesized?
Pancreas and small intestine breaking apart nucleic acids (released nucleotides)
What are the enzymes involved in digesting fats into fatty acids and glycerol?
Lingual lipase and pancreatic lipase
What is the function of lingual lipase and where is it synthesized?
Salivary glands and in mouth breaking bonds in fats releasing fatty acids and monoglycerides
What is function of pancreatic lipase and where is it synthesized?
Secreted from pancreas. Breaks down dietary fat molecules
Identify dissected rat organs/components
Ask jasmine for the phtoto
Describe how the excretory systems osmoregulatory function helps main homeostasis?
Regulating water balance and removing harmful substances
4 general functions of the kidney
Filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion
What happens in filtration?
Renal corpuscle- filtration occurs in glomerulus; filter blood to create filtrate made of h2o, electrolytes and other small substances
- 25% of h2o and solutes from blood are removed
- produces 180 L of filtrate/day
- 1% of go filtrate is excreted
- BP forces fluid from glomerulus into lumen of Bowman’s capsule
- selective, small molecules will pass from the blood across Bowman’s capsule
What happens in reabsorption?
Most important function: Reabsorption of NaCl and H2O
-all glucose in reabsorbed into body fluids
- Na+ is reabsorbed by active transport
- Na+ also moves into the cell, down concentration gradient
- Solutes that move into the cell also diffuse into the blood
- H2O travels passively - follows movement of ions - almost all glucose is reabsorbed and so are other nutrients and ions (k+)
Final result: recovering water, nutrients and electrolytes - leave waste in filtrate
What happens in secretion?
PT also performs secretion by transport epithelium
- H+ and NH3+ organic acids move from blood into filtrate / from table cells into the filtrate
- urine that is excreted - composed of both filtered and secreted substances
What happens in excretion?
Wastes removed from body
Function of nephron
Separate water, ions and small molecules from blood - filter out wastes and toxins - return needed molecules back into the blood
Describe the lab with digestive enzymes and substrates
Lab book
Describe the role the liver plays in human digestion
Process nutrients absorbed form the small intestine.
- bile from liver is secreted into the small intestine
- helps the body absorb fat into the blood stream
