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BISC 101 LAB > Digestive And Excretory > Flashcards

Digestive And Excretory Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all the organs that the food passes through?

A 
Mouth 
Esophagus 
Stomach
Small intestine 
Cecum 
Large intestine 
Rectum 
Anus
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2
Q

What are all the accessory rages in the digestive system and what molecules are released from each?

A

Pancreas - insulin, glucagon
Liver - bile
Gall bladder -bile
Salivary glands - saliva

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3
Q

What are the three tubes connected to each kidney ?

A

Renal vein, renal artery and ureter

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4
Q

What does the renal vein contain, where did the contents come from and where do they go afterwards?

A

Deoxygenated blood from the kidney to the heart

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5
Q

What does the renal artery contain, where did the contents cone from and where do they go afterwards?

A

Oxygenated blood from the heart to the kidney

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6
Q

What does the ureter contain, where did the contents come from and where do they go afterwards?

A

Urine from the kidney to the bladder

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7
Q

How does the excretory system help you maintain homeostasis when you are dehydrated?

A

It removes waste products but nutrients and essential water is reabsorbed (dark urine means nephrons reabsorbed the water)

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8
Q

What is the glomerular filtrate?

A

What is left after blood is filtered through the glomerulus. Contains water, glucose, salts, and urea

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9
Q

Why is there no protein in the glomerular filtrate/urine?

A

Proteins are large molecules and cannot fit through the blood capillary walls

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10
Q

Explain why glucose concentrations are 120 mg/100mLin the blood entering and exiting the glomerulus and in the filtrate but absent in urine

A

Glucose is absorbed in nephron of kidney, if it present in high amounts or unable to be reabsorbed it will be present in urine

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11
Q

Explain why urea concentrations are 30mg/100mLin blood entering and exiting the glomerulus and the glomerular filtrate, but is 2000m/100mL in the urine

A

Urea cant escape the nephron but water and Na+ do. Urea becomes concentrated in urine.
At the loop of Henle, water diffused out of the nephron as the filtrate moves down the loop, then Na+ diffuses/gets pumped out of the nephron as the filtrate moves up the loop.
More water leaves the nephron at the collecting duct - urea concentration is higher in the renal artery than the renal vein

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12
Q

What are the enzymes involved in digesting starch into simple sugars

A

Salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase

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13
Q

What is the function of salivary amylase and where is it synthesized?

A

Salivary glands, it is in the mouth breaking apart carbs (releasing sugars)

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14
Q

What is the function of pancreatic amylase? Where is it synthesized?

A

Breaks apart carbs. Pancreas - in small intestine

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15
Q

What are the enzymes involved in digestion protein into amino acids ?

A

Carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, elastase, pepsin, trypsin

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16
Q

What is the function of carboxypeptidase? Where is it synthesized?

A

Pancreas and in sm intestine breaking peptide bonds in polypeptides (releasing aminos)

17
Q

What is the function of chymotrypsin and where is it synthesized?

A

Pancreas And sm intestine, breaking peptide bonds in polypeptides

18
Q

What is the function of elastase? Where is it synthesized?

A

Pancreas and sm intestine. Breaks peptide bonds

19
Q

What is the function of pepsin and where is it synthesized?

A

Stomach, breaks peptide bonds between certain amino acids in proteins releasing polypeptides

20
Q

What is the function of trypsin ? Where is it synthesized?

A

Pancreas and in sm intestine. Breaks specific peptide bonds n polypeptides (releasing aminos )

21
Q

What are the enzymes involved in digesting DNA?

A

Uncleared

22
Q

What is the function of nucleases and where is it synthesized?

A

Pancreas and small intestine breaking apart nucleic acids (released nucleotides)

23
Q

What are the enzymes involved in digesting fats into fatty acids and glycerol?

A

Lingual lipase and pancreatic lipase

24
Q

What is the function of lingual lipase and where is it synthesized?

A

Salivary glands and in mouth breaking bonds in fats releasing fatty acids and monoglycerides

25
Q

What is function of pancreatic lipase and where is it synthesized?

A

Secreted from pancreas. Breaks down dietary fat molecules

26
Q

Identify dissected rat organs/components

A

Ask jasmine for the phtoto

27
Q

Describe how the excretory systems osmoregulatory function helps main homeostasis?

A

Regulating water balance and removing harmful substances

28
Q

4 general functions of the kidney

A

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion

29
Q

What happens in filtration?

A

Renal corpuscle- filtration occurs in glomerulus; filter blood to create filtrate made of h2o, electrolytes and other small substances

  • 25% of h2o and solutes from blood are removed
  • produces 180 L of filtrate/day
  • 1% of go filtrate is excreted
  • BP forces fluid from glomerulus into lumen of Bowman’s capsule
  • selective, small molecules will pass from the blood across Bowman’s capsule
30
Q

What happens in reabsorption?

A

Most important function: Reabsorption of NaCl and H2O
-all glucose in reabsorbed into body fluids

  1. Na+ is reabsorbed by active transport
  2. Na+ also moves into the cell, down concentration gradient
  3. Solutes that move into the cell also diffuse into the blood
  4. H2O travels passively - follows movement of ions - almost all glucose is reabsorbed and so are other nutrients and ions (k+)

Final result: recovering water, nutrients and electrolytes - leave waste in filtrate

31
Q

What happens in secretion?

A

PT also performs secretion by transport epithelium

  • H+ and NH3+ organic acids move from blood into filtrate / from table cells into the filtrate
  • urine that is excreted - composed of both filtered and secreted substances
32
Q

What happens in excretion?

A

Wastes removed from body

33
Q

Function of nephron

A

Separate water, ions and small molecules from blood - filter out wastes and toxins - return needed molecules back into the blood

34
Q

Describe the lab with digestive enzymes and substrates

A

Lab book

35
Q

Describe the role the liver plays in human digestion

A

Process nutrients absorbed form the small intestine.
- bile from liver is secreted into the small intestine

  • helps the body absorb fat into the blood stream

BISC 101 LAB (10 decks)

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