Learning Theory Flashcards
Lewinsohn originally focused on which of the following treatments for depression?
-Increasing opportunities for reinforcement (e.g., activity levels)
Broadbent’s theory was supported by
dichotic listening task
bottleneck theory of attention
Tolman experiement on latent learning demonstrated
that reinforcement is important in the performance than the learning of a task
arbitrary inference
when one draws a conclusion without there being enough evicence
selective abstration
forming a conclusion based on an isolated detail of an event
fail a quiz will ruin entire grade
personalization
relate external events to yourself
In the reformulation of the learned helplessness model, Abramson, Metalsky, and Alloy
de-emphasized the role of attributions and emphasized the role of hopelessness
Functional Behavioral Assessment
learning the functions of behavior (conditions that control behavior)
- identify more desirable behaviors
- incorporates interviews, observations, and other data
Rational Emotive Behavior (what contributes to irrational beliefs)
people are biologically prone to the acquisition of irrational beliefs
what involves the gradual removal of prompts
fading
For Beck, automatic thoughts are
spontaneously triggered by specific circumstance and accompanied by an emotional reaction
effectiveness of systematic desensitization
extinction
effects of vicarious learning (Bandura)
acquisition of new response
inhibition or disinhibition of an existing response
recently learned information interferes with recalling previously learned info
retroactive interference
prior learning interferes with learning new information
proactive interference
taking something away to decrease a behaivor
Making customers pay to decrease usage of X
response cost-type of negative punishment
Premak Principle and potential probs
a reinforcement technique in which you reinforce a low frequency behavior with a high frequency behavior (watch tv after homework)
-problem is that the high frequency behavior may not be available and reinforcement is most effective when it immediately follows
Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) effect refers to what
the tendency to erroneously recall a word from a list that contains semantically related words (e.g., string, sewing and recall needle)
effect that occurs when the original memory of an event is altered by subsequent exposure to misleading information about that event
Loftus mininformation effect
false memory induction procedure
creates false memories by repeatedly asking subjects about events they never experienced
Rehm’s self control theory of depression
assumes depression is related to six deficits in self-control
Overall-too much focus on negative events
- selective monitoring of negative events
- selective monitoring of immediate vs. delayed consequences of behavior
- stringent self evaluative criteria
- inaccurate attributions of responsibility
- insufficient self reward
- excessive self punishment
goal of Self Instructional training for children with hyperactivity
insert a thought between a stimulus and a response
Craik and Lockart and levels of processing
proposed that the semantic level is the deepest level of processing and has the best recall (elabortive rehaearsal)
Time out is a
negative punishment (taking something away to decrease the behavior)
