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EPPP > Abnormal Pscyhology > Flashcards

Abnormal Pscyhology Flashcards

1
Q

3 criteria for Intellectual Disability

A
  1. deficits in intellectual functioning
  2. deficits in adaptive functioning
  3. onset during developmental period
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2
Q

3 factors that influence severity levels for Intellectual Disability

A

conceptual, social, and practical domains

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3
Q

Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)-treatment

A

-habit reversal training-incorporates awareness, relaxation, motivation, competing response and generalization training

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4
Q

criteria for Autism spectrum disorder

A
  • stereotyped/repetitive patterns of movements, use of objects, or speech
  • deficits in social communication & interaction
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5
Q

characteristics of Autism Spectrum-IQ, domain scores, better outcomes, txt

A
  • score low in verbal and abstract reasoning tasks
  • best outcome associated with communicating by age 5/6, IQ over 70, and later onset
  • shaping and discrimination training for communication
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6
Q

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A

prior to 12 years

6 symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity

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7
Q

ADHD common co-diagnoses

A

Conduct, Learning Disorder, Oppositional DD, Anxiety, MDD

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8
Q

Adults with ADHD are at elevated risk for

A

Bipolar Disorder

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9
Q

ADHD and Gender

A

-Overall more males than females
2 : 1 for children & 1.6 : 1 for adults
-combined more common for males
-inattentive type more common for females

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10
Q

ADHD

A
  • 65-80% of children continue to meet criteria in adolescence
  • up to 15% meet criteria as young adults
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11
Q

ADHD and brain abnormalities

A

-lower activity and smaller structures in the following: caudate nucleus
globus pallidus
prefrontal cortex

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12
Q

Barkley behavioral dis-inhibition hypothesis

A

the core feature is inability to regulate behavior to fit situational demands

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13
Q

Treatment ADHD

A

stimulants in 75% of cases
Methylphenidate
behavioral interventions
parent & teacher training

Medication vs. behavioral txts
-meds alone and combined meds & therapy produced similar reduction in core symptoms and were better than behavioral txt alone

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14
Q

Differences between schizophrenia disorders

A

Schizophrenia: 6 months

Schizophrenaiform: 1-6 months (2/3 rds will be dx with schizophrenia or schizoaffective)

Brief Psychotic: 1 day to 1 month
-often involves exposure to an overwhelming stressor

Schizoaffective Disorder: concurrent symptoms of Schizo and MDD or a manic; and a period of 2 weeks with only psychotic symptoms

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15
Q

Schizophrenia

A 
-0.3 - 0.7% prevalence rate
Biological sibling: 10%
dizygotic twin: 17%
monozygotic twin: 48%
Child of two parents: 46%
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16
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

Schizophrenia- too much dopamine

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17
Q

Positive and neg symptoms and meds

A

-positive symtoms: haloperidol & fluphenazine
(tartative dyskinesia)
-Atypical antipsychotics: clozapine & risperidone-less side effects and treat both positive and negative symptoms

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18
Q

A dimensional approach to diagnosis is based on _____ of attributes

A

quantification

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19
Q

most effective intervention for cigarette smoking combines

A

nicotine replacement therapy with support from a clinician and skills training

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20
Q

treatment for blood injection injury type

A

involves tensing muscles rather than relaxing

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21
Q

What type of drug is mescaline

A

hallucingen

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22
Q

For adults over 65 with dementia, what percent have AZ

A

65-75

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23
Q

People with OCD have increase activity levels in what regions

A

orbitofrontal cortex
cingulate cortex
caudate nucleus

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24
Q

studies investigating the genetic contribution to major depression found that

A

risk for depression is the same for biological offspring who have either one or two parents with depression

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25
Studies have found that for bulimia nervosa, what types of individual therapy are most effective regarding long and short term effects
Short term-CBT CBT and IPT are = for long term effects
26
What percentage of children with LD also have dx of ADHD
20-30
27
For patients with Schizophrenia, prognosis regarding future employment is best predicted by
employment history
28
negative symptom of Schizophrenia
avolition
29
PTSD symptoms are grouped in the following clusters
``` intrusion avoidance cognition & mood arousal reactivity ```
30
for a person with bipolar disorder the risk of suicide is greatest
when depressive symptoms have become less severe
31
Difference between Delirium and Schizphrenia disorders
Delirium symptoms are random and haphazard Schizo symtoms are more systematized
32
With BPD symptoms may reduce over time but ____ symptoms show the least amount of improvement with age
affective
33
repeated suicide attempts of adolescents more likely reflect
exerting power in situations where they feel powerless
34
duration of symptoms for Cyclothymic disorder in children/adolescents and adults
two years in adults 1 year in children & adolescents
35
retrograde amnesia
loss of memory for info already stored in ltm
36
anterograde amnesia
inability to form new memories
37
localized amnesia
loss of info of personal information circumscribed to a period of time
38
selective amnesia
loss of memory for some but not all events during a specified period
39
for dx of schizophrenia ____ has to be present for at least 6 months
delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech
40
most common precursor for ed's is
dieting
41
in regards to REM sleep, depression is linked to
decreased REM latency | increased REM density
42
quality assurance focuses on what
availability adequacy appropriateness of services
43
utilization review focuses on what
cost and conserving resources
44
Stages of AZ-Characteristics of Stage 1
Stage 1: 1-3 years; - anterograde amnesia (especially for declarative memories) - deficits in visuospatial skills (wandering) - indifference - irritability - sadness - anomia
45
Stages of AZ-Characteristics of Stage 2
Stage 2: 2-10 years - increasing retrograde amnesia - flat or labile mood - restlessness & agiation - delusions - fluent aphasia - acalculia - ideomotor apraxia (inability to translate an idea into movement)
46
Stages of AZ-Characteristics of Stage 3
Stage 3: 8-12 years - severely deteriorated intellectual functioning - apathy - limb rigidity - urinary and fecal incontinence
47
Etiology of AZ
Abnormalities on chromosome 1, 14, 21 Abnormalities in ApoE4 (chromosome 19) Abnormal levels of Ach Elevated risk for lower levels of formal education, type 2 diabetes, Depression, TBI, and Down's Syndrome
48
Criteria for Insomnia Disorder Symptoms Disturbance occurs for at least____ nights a week for _____ months
dissatisfaction with sleep that is associated with at least 1 of the following: - difficulty initiating sleep - difficulty maintaining sleep - early-morning awakening with an inability to return to sleep Disturbance occurs for at least 3 nights each week Has been present for at least 3 months
49
Hypersomnolence Disorder
Excessive sleepiness despite a main sleep period of at least 7 hours with 1 of the following - recurrent periods of sleep - prolonged but nonrestorative sleep of more than 9 hrs each day - difficulty becoming fully awake occurs at least 3x a week for at least 3 months
50
Narcolepsy
attacks of irrepressible need to sleep requires episodes of cataplexy hyponogogic (before waking up) or hypnopompic (just after wakening) hallucinations has been present for at least 3x a week for 3 months
51
Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders
recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening that usually occur during the first third of the major sleep episode (stage 3 or 4) accompanied by sleep walking or sleep terror individual has limited or no recall occurs most often in children
52
Nightmare Disorder
repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well-remembered dreams that usually involve efforts to avoid threats to survival, security, or physical integrity
53
Lewinsohon's theory of depression
behavioral theory | -low rate of response contingent reinforcement-low rate of pleasurable activities
54
Seligman's reformulated learned helplessness
depression results from prior exposure to uncontrollable negative events coupled with the tendency to attribute those events to internal, stable, and global factors more recent reformulation-de-emphasizes role of attributions and hopelessness is a proximal and sufficient cause
55
Rehm's theory of depression
self-control model depression results from a combo of problems related to self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement depressed people attend more to negative events and immediate outcomes
56
Beck's Cognitive theory of depression
negative, illogical self-statements about oneself, the world, and the future
57
According to Steele and Joseph, why does alcohol sometimes reduce anxiety, but other times have no effect, or increases anxiety
alcohol creates a myopia it restricts the drinker to the most salient aspect of the situation and reduces attention to another (less salient aspect) ex: if you engage in a distracting task, you will worry less about anxiety worrying stimuli
58
food restriction is associated with lower levels of what neurotransmitter
serotonin
59
symptoms that are common in Bipolar Disorder and used to differentiate from ADHD in children and adolescents
- elation - grandiosity - flight of ideas - decreased need for sleep - hypersexuality
60
most cited barrier for women to seek substance abuse txt
child care | worry they will be taken away or how to care for them while gone
61
surface dyslexia
reading without comprehension due to an inability to read words that are irregularly spelled
62
deep dyslexia
several reading errors-parallexia-substitution of words with similar meanings (substitute cold for hot)
63
Pure alexia
word blindness inability to read words even if they have been written by that person
64
Persistent Depressive Disorder requires symptoms for ___number of years for children
1 year
65
For a dx of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation disorder when is the onset of symptoms
age 10
66
Alcohol _____ is not included in the DSM
Alcohol Dependence
67
Best conclusion about the etiology about MDD regarding etiology
both genetic and environmental factors play a substantial role

EPPP (11 decks)

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