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EPPP > Abnormal Pscyhology > Flashcards

Abnormal Pscyhology Flashcards

1
Q

3 criteria for Intellectual Disability

A
  1. deficits in intellectual functioning
  2. deficits in adaptive functioning
  3. onset during developmental period
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2
Q

3 factors that influence severity levels for Intellectual Disability

A

conceptual, social, and practical domains

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3
Q

Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)-treatment

A

-habit reversal training-incorporates awareness, relaxation, motivation, competing response and generalization training

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4
Q

criteria for Autism spectrum disorder

A
  • stereotyped/repetitive patterns of movements, use of objects, or speech
  • deficits in social communication & interaction
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5
Q

characteristics of Autism Spectrum-IQ, domain scores, better outcomes, txt

A
  • score low in verbal and abstract reasoning tasks
  • best outcome associated with communicating by age 5/6, IQ over 70, and later onset
  • shaping and discrimination training for communication
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6
Q

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A

prior to 12 years

6 symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity

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7
Q

ADHD common co-diagnoses

A

Conduct, Learning Disorder, Oppositional DD, Anxiety, MDD

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8
Q

Adults with ADHD are at elevated risk for

A

Bipolar Disorder

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9
Q

ADHD and Gender

A

-Overall more males than females
2 : 1 for children & 1.6 : 1 for adults
-combined more common for males
-inattentive type more common for females

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10
Q

ADHD

A
  • 65-80% of children continue to meet criteria in adolescence
  • up to 15% meet criteria as young adults
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11
Q

ADHD and brain abnormalities

A

-lower activity and smaller structures in the following: caudate nucleus
globus pallidus
prefrontal cortex

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12
Q

Barkley behavioral dis-inhibition hypothesis

A

the core feature is inability to regulate behavior to fit situational demands

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13
Q

Treatment ADHD

A

stimulants in 75% of cases
Methylphenidate
behavioral interventions
parent & teacher training

Medication vs. behavioral txts
-meds alone and combined meds & therapy produced similar reduction in core symptoms and were better than behavioral txt alone

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14
Q

Differences between schizophrenia disorders

A

Schizophrenia: 6 months

Schizophrenaiform: 1-6 months (2/3 rds will be dx with schizophrenia or schizoaffective)

Brief Psychotic: 1 day to 1 month
-often involves exposure to an overwhelming stressor

Schizoaffective Disorder: concurrent symptoms of Schizo and MDD or a manic; and a period of 2 weeks with only psychotic symptoms

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15
Q

Schizophrenia

A 
-0.3 - 0.7% prevalence rate
Biological sibling: 10%
dizygotic twin: 17%
monozygotic twin: 48%
Child of two parents: 46%
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16
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

Schizophrenia- too much dopamine

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17
Q

Positive and neg symptoms and meds

A

-positive symtoms: haloperidol & fluphenazine
(tartative dyskinesia)
-Atypical antipsychotics: clozapine & risperidone-less side effects and treat both positive and negative symptoms

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18
Q

A dimensional approach to diagnosis is based on _____ of attributes

A

quantification

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19
Q

most effective intervention for cigarette smoking combines

A

nicotine replacement therapy with support from a clinician and skills training

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20
Q

treatment for blood injection injury type

A

involves tensing muscles rather than relaxing

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21
Q

What type of drug is mescaline

A

hallucingen

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22
Q

For adults over 65 with dementia, what percent have AZ

A

65-75

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23
Q

People with OCD have increase activity levels in what regions

A

orbitofrontal cortex
cingulate cortex
caudate nucleus

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24
Q

studies investigating the genetic contribution to major depression found that

A

risk for depression is the same for biological offspring who have either one or two parents with depression

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25
Q

Studies have found that for bulimia nervosa, what types of individual therapy are most effective regarding long and short term effects

A

Short term-CBT

CBT and IPT are = for long term effects

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26
Q

What percentage of children with LD also have dx of ADHD

A

20-30

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27
Q

For patients with Schizophrenia, prognosis regarding future employment is best predicted by

A

employment history

28
Q

negative symptom of Schizophrenia

A

avolition

29
Q

PTSD symptoms are grouped in the following clusters

A 
intrusion
avoidance
cognition & mood
arousal
reactivity
30
Q

for a person with bipolar disorder the risk of suicide is greatest

A

when depressive symptoms have become less severe

31
Q

Difference between Delirium and Schizphrenia disorders

A

Delirium symptoms are random and haphazard

Schizo symtoms are more systematized

32
Q

With BPD symptoms may reduce over time but ____ symptoms show the least amount of improvement with age

A

affective

33
Q

repeated suicide attempts of adolescents more likely reflect

A

exerting power in situations where they feel powerless

34
Q

duration of symptoms for Cyclothymic disorder in children/adolescents and adults

A

two years in adults

1 year in children & adolescents

35
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

loss of memory for info already stored in ltm

36
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inability to form new memories

37
Q

localized amnesia

A

loss of info of personal information circumscribed to a period of time

38
Q

selective amnesia

A

loss of memory for some but not all events during a specified period

39
Q

for dx of schizophrenia ____ has to be present for at least 6 months

A

delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech

40
Q

most common precursor for ed’s is

A

dieting

41
Q

in regards to REM sleep, depression is linked to

A

decreased REM latency

increased REM density

42
Q

quality assurance focuses on what

A

availability
adequacy
appropriateness of services

43
Q

utilization review focuses on what

A

cost and conserving resources

44
Q

Stages of AZ-Characteristics of Stage 1

A

Stage 1: 1-3 years;

  • anterograde amnesia (especially for declarative memories)
  • deficits in visuospatial skills (wandering)
  • indifference
  • irritability
  • sadness
  • anomia
45
Q

Stages of AZ-Characteristics of Stage 2

A

Stage 2: 2-10 years

  • increasing retrograde amnesia
  • flat or labile mood
  • restlessness & agiation
  • delusions
  • fluent aphasia
  • acalculia
  • ideomotor apraxia (inability to translate an idea into movement)
46
Q

Stages of AZ-Characteristics of Stage 3

A

Stage 3: 8-12 years

  • severely deteriorated intellectual functioning
  • apathy
  • limb rigidity
  • urinary and fecal incontinence
47
Q

Etiology of AZ

A

Abnormalities on chromosome 1, 14, 21

Abnormalities in ApoE4 (chromosome 19)

Abnormal levels of Ach

Elevated risk for lower levels of formal education, type 2 diabetes, Depression, TBI, and Down’s Syndrome

48
Q

Criteria for Insomnia Disorder

Symptoms

Disturbance occurs for at least____ nights a week for _____ months

A

dissatisfaction with sleep that is associated with at least 1 of the following:

  • difficulty initiating sleep
  • difficulty maintaining sleep
  • early-morning awakening with an inability to return to sleep

Disturbance occurs for at least 3 nights each week
Has been present for at least 3 months

49
Q

Hypersomnolence Disorder

A

Excessive sleepiness despite a main sleep period of at least 7 hours with 1 of the following

  • recurrent periods of sleep
  • prolonged but nonrestorative sleep of more than 9 hrs each day
  • difficulty becoming fully awake

occurs at least 3x a week for at least 3 months

50
Q

Narcolepsy

A

attacks of irrepressible need to sleep
requires episodes of cataplexy
hyponogogic (before waking up) or hypnopompic (just after wakening) hallucinations

has been present for at least 3x a week for 3 months

51
Q

Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders

A

recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening that usually occur during the first third of the major sleep episode (stage 3 or 4)

accompanied by sleep walking or sleep terror

individual has limited or no recall

occurs most often in children

52
Q

Nightmare Disorder

A

repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well-remembered dreams that usually involve efforts to avoid threats to survival, security, or physical integrity

53
Q

Lewinsohon’s theory of depression

A

behavioral theory

-low rate of response contingent reinforcement-low rate of pleasurable activities

54
Q

Seligman’s reformulated learned helplessness

A

depression results from prior exposure to uncontrollable negative events coupled with the tendency to attribute those events to internal, stable, and global factors

more recent reformulation-de-emphasizes role of attributions and hopelessness is a proximal and sufficient cause

55
Q

Rehm’s theory of depression

A

self-control model
depression results from a combo of problems related to self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement

depressed people attend more to negative events and immediate outcomes

56
Q

Beck’s Cognitive theory of depression

A

negative, illogical self-statements about oneself, the world, and the future

57
Q

According to Steele and Joseph, why does alcohol sometimes reduce anxiety, but other times have no effect, or increases anxiety

A

alcohol creates a myopia

it restricts the drinker to the most salient aspect of the situation and reduces attention to another (less salient aspect)

ex: if you engage in a distracting task, you will worry less about anxiety worrying stimuli

58
Q

food restriction is associated with lower levels of what neurotransmitter

A

serotonin

59
Q

symptoms that are common in Bipolar Disorder and used to differentiate from ADHD in children and adolescents

A
  • elation
  • grandiosity
  • flight of ideas
  • decreased need for sleep
  • hypersexuality
60
Q

most cited barrier for women to seek substance abuse txt

A

child care

worry they will be taken away or how to care for them while gone

61
Q

surface dyslexia

A

reading without comprehension due to an inability to read words that are irregularly spelled

62
Q

deep dyslexia

A

several reading errors-parallexia-substitution of words with similar meanings (substitute cold for hot)

63
Q

Pure alexia

A

word blindness

inability to read words even if they have been written by that person

64
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder requires symptoms for ___number of years for children

A

1 year

65
Q

For a dx of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation disorder when is the onset of symptoms

A

age 10

66
Q

Alcohol _____ is not included in the DSM

A

Alcohol Dependence

67
Q

Best conclusion about the etiology about MDD regarding etiology

A

both genetic and environmental factors play a substantial role

EPPP (11 decks)

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