Learning theories

Question 1

Operant conditioning

Answer 1

• associationist view
• trial and error learning
• correct response is rewarded
• this reinforces correct response
• this behaviour is shaped

Question 2

Observational learning / SLT

Answer 2

• coping the behaviour of others
• form of visual guidance
• a demonstration is presented to copy
• behaviour is copied if role model is a significant other or higher status
• role model is copied if same gender as the learner

The progress involves:

• attention
• retention
• motor reproduction
• motivation

Question 3

Thorndikes law

Answer 3

• based off strengthening S-R bonds

1. Law of exercise

• rehearsing or repeating actions strengthens reinforcement

2. Law of effect

• if followed by a pleasant reaction S-R bonds are strengthened
• if followed by a negative reaction, S-R bonds are weakened

3. Law of readiness

• athlete must be both physically and mentally ready to complete the skill

Question 4

Cognitive theory of learning

Answer 4

• intervening variables and insight learning
• learning is best achieved by doing the whole skill
• learner must understand and think about the problem as a whole
• thought process is dependent upon perception
• learner will use intelligence, current knowledge and previous experiences to plan or predict situations