LEARNING THEORIES Flashcards
Concepts (thoughts, ideas, notion of something) and propositions (combination of all concepts that are learned, introduced, suggested or consideration for acceptance) that explain why people learn and predict what circumstances they will learn
Learning Theories
Principle of Proposition: statement or idea w/c people can consider/ decide whether things like concepts are to considered, accepted, adopted, or to be done and apply
Learning Theories
Describes how students receive, retain, process knowledge during learning
Learning Theories
Major Learning Theories
Behaviorist Theories
Cognitive
Social Learning
Major Learning Theories:
Earliest formal theories for learning used for children
Behaviorist Theories
Major Learning Theories:
Focused on studying thoughts and feelings, fears and phobia
Behaviorist Theories
Same as behavioral learning theory/ behaviorism theory
Major Learning Theories:
Behaviors are learned from the environment, innate or inherited factors have little influence on behavior
Behaviorist Theories (Ways students were raised and kind of environment they have is the ultimate factor or influence that will determine their action, response or how they’ll behave)
Major Learning Theories:
Purpose: condition children, focuses all behaviors are learned thru interaction w/ the environment
Behaviorist Theories
Parents or genetics have very little influence
Major Learning Theories:
Purpose: condition children, focuses all behaviors are learned thru interaction w/ the environment
Behaviorist Theories
Major Learning Theories:
Teachers can directly influence how their students behave and can adjust how home environment and lifestyle can impact or affects their students’ behavior
Behaviorist Theories
Key to educators in order to understand to relate how students react or behave in the classroom
Theorists: (Behaviorist Theories)
Defined behavior as a muscle movement (large or small activities)
John Watson
(Large motion: locomotion, walk, dance, eat, etc…
Small/ hidden motion: thinking, blinking of the eye; hidden from casual observation)
Theorists: (Behaviorist Theories)
Began studying behavior because it is more objective.
(Behavior: pure/ actual movement of body, activity of muscles and glands)
John Watson
Rejected the theory himself
Theorists: (Behaviorist Theories)
Focused on observable or quantifiable events and behaviors telling that behaviors could be accurately measured and understood
John Watson
There are tools used on how to understand, quantify, and accurately measure behaviors
Theorists: (Behaviorist Theories)
Contiguity theory: association of things
Believed that even a skill such as walking is learned through a series of conditioned responses
Watson and Edwin Guthrie
Theorists: (Behaviorist Theories)
Learning will occur regardless of reinforcement is given as long as there is a conditioned stimulus and response occur together
Watson and Edwin Guthrie
Same as classical and operant conditioning: Learn things thru association
Theorists: (Behaviorist Theories)
Reinforcement theory: positive (reward) and negative (punishment) reinforcement
Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner
Proposed that stimulus-response bonds are strengthened by reinforcements such as reward or punishment
Major Learning Theories:
Broad theory and explains the mental processes and how they are influenced by both internal and external factors to produce learning in an individual
Cognitive Theories
Understanding the human mind and how it works while learning
Major Learning Theories:
How info is processed by the brain and how learning occurs thru the internal processing of info
Cognitive Theories
Focuses on more effective use of the brain
study of how our brains work in the process of perceiving, thinking, remembering and learning
Cognitive Science (How mind works, it’s function, and how we behave)
sometimes used to describe a subset of this field of study
Under the field of cognitive psychology
Information Processing
Acquisition, recording, organization, retrieval, display, and decimation of info
Major Learning Theories:
Explains the way that information is handled once it enters the senses and how it is organized and stored.
Cognitive Theories
An active process in which the learner constructs meaning based on prior knowledge and view of the world.
Learning (in cognitive perspective)
Correlation, connection, and application of new things to the existing info
Theorists: (Cognitive Theories)
Learning is a process whereby the novice becomes expert
By repeating basic skills we become proficient/ skilled individual
Breuer
(physician and physiologist)
Learning: accumulating bits of info and isolated skills
Teacher: transfer knowledge directly to the students
Theorists: (Cognitive Theories)
An active process which the learner constructs meaning based on prior knowledge and view of the world
Feden, 1994
Teaching and Learning: focuses primarily on the interaction bet teacher and individual students
Theorists: (Cognitive Theories)
Developed earliest model of cognitive learning (Meaningful Learning Theory)
David Ausubel, 1963
(psychologist)
Students = center of teaching and learning process
Teachers= facilitators
Theorists: (Cognitive Theories)
The Subsumption Theory of Meaningful Verbal Learning
David Ausubel, 1963
New information is subsumed into existing thought and memory structures
Theorists: (Cognitive Theories)
Meaningful learning is thought to occur only if existing cognitive structures are organized and differentiated.
David Ausubel, 1963
Repetition of meaningful material and its use in various contexts would enhance the retention of the material
Theorists: (Cognitive Theories)
Concept of schema or schemata. Knowledge is used in memory recall
David E. Rumelhart, 1980 Schema Theory (“All knowledge is packaged into units. These units are schemata.”) Schemata (plural): knowledge structures that store concepts, and the knowledge of how to use them in memory