Learning, Memory And Forgetting Flashcards
Episodic memory
Details of events/episodes
Semantic memory
Store facts and categories
Procedural memory
Memory regarding skills
Atkinson and shriffin model with 3 stages
Sensory store (info briefly held)
Short term store (limited capacity)
Long term store (unlimited capacity)
Miller (short term memory) magic number 7
Info can be increased by chunking
Fragility of storage (brown-Peterson)
Ppts asked to study 3 letters in sets
Counted backwards in threes
Performance declined
Proactive interference
What form is info ‘encoded’ in ST store
Early view- held in an acoustic, verbal code
Acoustic-articulatory code
Later view - could be semantic (meaning based) code - release of PI when diff semantic categories used
Working memory
Baddeley and hitch
How info is used; not just stored
Composed of 3 components
Central executive (regulates info)
Phonological loop (retention of verbal info)
Visuospatial scratchpad (retention of visual info)
Evidence for 3 components in WM
Neurological evidence - people with deficits in certain cog abilities
Experimental evidence - using concurrent task to limit part of the brain
2 parts to phonological loop
Phonological store - holds acoustic based info for about 2 seconds
Articulatory control process - produces ‘inner speech’ that we hear
Medin et al - alternative def for memory - 3 functions
Natural interference system store few facts and derive others as needed
Relate new events to prior knowledge in order to understand
Deliver relevant knowledge when needed
Visuospatial scratchpad
Setting up and manipulating of visuospatial images separate from phonological loop
Central executive
Relating to attention
Switching of retrieval plans
Selection attention to certain stimuli
Temporary activation of LTM
Forgetting - ebbinghaus - Savings method
Retesting the same material after relearning
Interference theory (forgetting)
Proactive interference (older memories interfere with retrieval of new memories) Retroactive interference (encoding new traces into memory inbetween initial encoding)
