Cognition And Emotion

Question 1

Core and ortony - emotional characterised by 4 components

Answer 1

Cognitive
Motivational behaviour
Somatic
Subjective experiential

Question 2

Walter cannon challenged the James Lange theory

Answer 2

Same physiological state can be associated with different emotions
Physiological changes can occur without emotions

Question 3

Schachter and singers two factor model

Answer 3

Two factors create emotion
Physiological arousal
Our interpretation of the arousal
However arousal may play a role in intensity of emotion but doesn’t cause the emotion

Question 4

Effective primacy

Answer 4

Zajonc
Primacy of effect (emotion) emotional judgements are made without any cognitive processing
Mere exposure effect - preference for a repeated stimulus

Question 5

Cognitive primacy

Answer 5

Lazarus and alfert 1964 
Cognitive appraisal is fundamental to emotional experience, cannot separate out 
Primacy appraisal 
Secondary appraisal 
Reappraisal

Question 6

Certain part of brain associated with emotion

Answer 6

Amygdala - fear
Anterior cingulate cortex - sadness
Orbitofrontal cortex - anger
But other areas too

Question 7

Ledoux - multilevel model

Answer 7

Sometimes cognition is involved in emotion, sometimes not
Sensory info about emotional stimuli sometime relayed from thalamus
Identified two emotion circuits in fear
A low acting and a fast acting thalamus to cortex to amygdala circuit
Fast on simple features
Slow on detailed analysis of features

Question 8

Perceptual narrowing

Answer 8

Threat leads to narrowing of perception

Question 9

Stroop task

Answer 9

Colour and words

Phobias and words like ‘web’ attentional biases

Question 10

Mood congruent memory

Answer 10

The tendency when in a sad or happy mood to be more easily able to recall sad or happy memories (bower)

Question 11

Gillian and bowers network theory

Answer 11

Emotions are nodes in a semantic network
Stored in form of propositions
Occurs via activation of nodes
By external or internal stimuli

Question 12

Network theory 4 predictions

Answer 12

Mood state dependent memory
Mood congruity
Thought congruity
Mood intensity

Question 13

State dependent memory

Answer 13

Mood state at encoding matches in retrieval

Question 14

Network theory limitations

Answer 14

Numerous failures to obtain predictions
Difficult to falsify/test
Oversimplification

Question 15

Beck’s schema theory

Answer 15

Schemas produce processing biases

Activated when the individual is in an anxious or depressed state

Question 16

Beck’s schema theory limitations

Answer 16

Circular argument (schema existence)