Learning, Memory, Addiction & Neuro-Epigenetics Flashcards

1
Q

US or Unconditioned Stimulus

A

which by definition is biologically important and capable of triggering an innate reflex

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2
Q

CS or Conditioned Stimulus

A

acquires the ability to trigger a new response by virtue of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US)

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3
Q

Acquisition

A

learned association between a CS and a US (excitatory)

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4
Q

Consolidation

A

molecular processes underlying learning, changes labile memory/learning event to a fixed/stable state (requiring mins to days)

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5
Q

Reactivation/Retrieval

A

recall/reassessment of a previously learned event or memory

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6
Q

Reconsolidation

A

occurs after reactivation of a memory

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7
Q

Extinction

A

learned association between a CS and a US (inhibitory)

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8
Q

Popular treatment for clinical disorders (i.e., fear & anxiety)

A

– Exposure to the fearful stimulus in conjunction with drug administration
– Humans, like animals are susceptible to relapses after extinction

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9
Q

Extinction = Erased original memory?

A
  • Think about time & context components
  • Spontaneous Recovery with time
  • Renewal with removal from the extinction context
  • Reinstatement with cue presentation
  • Re-acquisition after extinction by resuming CS-US
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10
Q

Genetics

A

transmission of hereditary traits, from genotype to phenotype, progressive, formation, evolution, progressive, development (genotype)

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11
Q

Experimental Embryologists

A

expression of those genetic traits, how genes guided development (phenotype)

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12
Q

Pre-Waddington

A

genotype + environment = phenotype

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13
Q

Post-Waddington

A

genotype + epigenotype + environment = phenotype

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14
Q

Chromosome

A

tightly wrapped DNA around histones

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15
Q

Histones

A

proteins used to help package DNA
– Four types of histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) + one linker (H1)
– histones packed together (4x2)

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16
Q

Nucleosome

A

One octamer of histones (4H’s x 2) + Two DNA strands

17
Q

Chromatin

A

Multiple nucleosomes linked together