Learning, Memory, Addiction & Neuro-Epigenetics Flashcards
US or Unconditioned Stimulus
which by definition is biologically important and capable of triggering an innate reflex
CS or Conditioned Stimulus
acquires the ability to trigger a new response by virtue of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US)
Acquisition
learned association between a CS and a US (excitatory)
Consolidation
molecular processes underlying learning, changes labile memory/learning event to a fixed/stable state (requiring mins to days)
Reactivation/Retrieval
recall/reassessment of a previously learned event or memory
Reconsolidation
occurs after reactivation of a memory
Extinction
learned association between a CS and a US (inhibitory)
Popular treatment for clinical disorders (i.e., fear & anxiety)
– Exposure to the fearful stimulus in conjunction with drug administration
– Humans, like animals are susceptible to relapses after extinction
Extinction = Erased original memory?
- Think about time & context components
- Spontaneous Recovery with time
- Renewal with removal from the extinction context
- Reinstatement with cue presentation
- Re-acquisition after extinction by resuming CS-US
Genetics
transmission of hereditary traits, from genotype to phenotype, progressive, formation, evolution, progressive, development (genotype)
Experimental Embryologists
expression of those genetic traits, how genes guided development (phenotype)
Pre-Waddington
genotype + environment = phenotype
Post-Waddington
genotype + epigenotype + environment = phenotype
Chromosome
tightly wrapped DNA around histones
Histones
proteins used to help package DNA
– Four types of histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) + one linker (H1)
– histones packed together (4x2)