Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY 333: Behavioral Neuroscience > Chapter 8: Sensory, Processing, Touch, and Pain > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Sensory, Processing, Touch, and Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory Receptor Organ

A

An organ specialized to receive particular stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stimulus

A

A physical event that triggers a sensory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Receptor Cell

A

A specialized cell that responds to a particular energy or substance in the internal or external environment and converts energy into a change in the electrical potential across the membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adequate Stimulus

A

The type of stimulus for which a given sensory organ is particularly adapted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Specific Nerve Energies

A

The doctrine that the receptors and neural channels for the different senses are independent and operate in their own special ways and can produce only one particular sensation each.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Labeled Lines

A

The concept that each nerve input to the brain reports only a particular type of information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sensory Transduction

A

The process in which a receptor cell converts the energy in a stimulus into a change in the electrical potential across its membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Receptor Potential

A

A skin receptor cell type that detects vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Threshold

A

The stimulus intensity that is just adequate to trigger an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coding

A

The rules by which action potentials in a sensory system reflect a physical stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Range Fractionation

A

A hypothesis of stimulus intensity perception stating that a wide range of intensity values can be encoded by a group of cells, each of which is a specialist for a particular range of stimulus intensities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Somatosensory

A

Referring to body sensation, particularly touch and pain sensation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adaptation

A

Here, the progressive loss of receptor sensitivity as stimulation is maintained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tonic Receptor

A

A receptor in which the frequency of action potentials declines slowly or not at all as stimulation is maintained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Phasic Receptor

A

A receptor in which the frequency of action potentials drops rapidly as stimulation is maintained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Top-Down Process

A

A process in which higher-order cognitive processes control lower-order systems, often reflecting conscious control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sensory Pathways

A

The chain of neural connections from sensory receptor cells to the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thalamus

A

The brain regions at the top of the brainstem that trade information with the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Receptive Feild

A

The stimulus region and features that affect the activity of a cell in a sensory systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Primary Sensory Cortex

A

For the given sensory modality, the region of the cortex that receives most of the information about the modality from he thalamus or, in the case of olfaction, directly form the secondary sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Secondary Sensory Cortex

A

Also called “non-primary sensory cortex”. For a given sensory modality, the cortical regions receiving direct projections from primary sensory cortex for that modality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

A

Also called “somatosensory 1”. The gyrus just posterior to the central sulcus, in the partial lobe, where sensory receptors on the body surface are mapped; primary cortex for receiving touch and pain information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Secondary Somatosensory Cortex

A

Also called “somatosensory 2”. The region of the cortex that receives direct projections from primary somatosensory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Attention

A

A state or condition of selective awareness or perceptual receptivity, by which specific stimuli are selected for enhances processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cingulate Cortex

A

Also called “Cingulum”. A region of the medial cerebral cortex that lies dorsal to the corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Polymodal

A

Involving several sensory modalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Synesthesia

A

A condition in which stimuli in one modality evoke the involuntary experience of an additional sensation in another modality

28
Q

Epidermis

A

the outermost layer of skin, over the dermis

29
Q

Dermis

A

the middle layer of skin, between the epidermis and the hypodermis

30
Q

Hypodermis

A

Also called “Subcutaneous tissue”

31
Q

Tactile

A

Of or relating to touch

32
Q

Meissners Corpuscle

A

A skin receptor cell type that detects light touch

33
Q

Merkel’s Disc

A

A skin receptor cell type that detects fine touch

34
Q

Piezo

A

A family of two proteins that responds to mechanical stretch by opening channels to let cations in to depolarize

35
Q

Ruffini’s Ending

A

A skin receptor cell type that detects stretching of the skin

36
Q

Dorsal Column System

A

A somatosensory system that delivers most touch stimuli via the dorsal columns of spinal white matter to the brain

37
Q

Dorsal Column Nuclei

A

Collection of neurons in the medulla that receive somatosensory information via the dorsal columns of spinal cord. These neurons send their axons across the midline and to the thalamus

38
Q

Dermatome

A

A strip of skin innervated by a particular spinal nerve

39
Q

Pain

A

The discomfort normally associated with tissue damage

40
Q

Congenital Insensitivity to Pain

A

The condition of being born without the ability to perceive pain

41
Q

Noniceptor

A

A receptor that responds to stimuli that produce tissue damage or pose the threat of damage

42
Q

Free Nerve Ending

A

An axon that terminates in the skin without any specialized cell associated with it and that detects pain and?or changes in temperature

43
Q

Capsaicin

A

A compound synthesized by various plants to deter predators by mimicking the experience of burning

44
Q

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 (TRPV1)

A

Also called “Vanilliod Receptor 1”. A receptor that bins capsaicin to transmit the burning sensation from chili peppers and normally detects sudden increases in temperature

45
Q

Transient receptor Potential Type M3(TRPM3)

A

A receptor, found in some free nerve endings, that opens its channel in response to rising temperatures

46
Q

A delta fiber

A

A moderately large, myelinated, and therefore fast- conducting axon, usually transmitting acute pain information

47
Q

C fiber

A

A small, unmyelinated axon that conducts pain information slowly and adapts slowly

48
Q

TRPM8

A

Also called “cool-menthol receptors 1 (CMR1)”. A sensory receptor, found in some free nerve endings, that opens an ion channel in response to a mild temperature drop or exposure to menthol

49
Q

Na(v)1.7

A

Also called “SCN9A”. A voltage-gated sodium channel used almost exclusively by nociceptors to initiate action potentials

50
Q

Anterolateral System

A

Also called “Spinothalamic Systems”. A somatosensory system that carries most of the pain and temperature information from the body to a brain

51
Q

Glutamate

A

An amino acid transmitter; the most common excitatory transmitter

52
Q

Substance P

A

A peptide transmitter implicated in pain transmission

53
Q

Natriuretic Polypeptide B (Nppb)

A

A peptide neurotransmitter used by neurons reporting itch to the spinal cord

54
Q

Neuropathic Pain

A

Pain caused by damage to peripheral nerves. It is often difficult to treat

55
Q

Migraines

A

Intense headaches, typically perceives from one half of the head, that recur regularly and can be difficult to treat

56
Q

Cannabis

A

Dried leaves and flowers of the plant Cannabis sativa, typically smoked to obtain THC for a psychoactive effect

57
Q

Analgesia

A

Absence of or reduction of pain

58
Q

Opiates

A

A class of compounds that exert an effect like that of opium, including reduced pain sensitivity

59
Q

Endogenous Opioids

A

A class of peptides produces in various regions of the brain that bind to opioid receptors and act like opioids

60
Q

Endorphins

A

One of three kinda of endogenous opioids, substances that reduce pain perception

61
Q

Enkephalins

A

One of three kinds of endogenous opioids, substances that reduce pain perception

62
Q

Dynorphines

A

One of three kinds of endogenous opioids, substances that reduce pain perception

63
Q

Opioid Receptors

A

A receptor that responds to endogenous and/ or exogenous opioids

64
Q

Periaqueductal Gray

A

The neuronal body-rich region of the midbrain surrounding the cerebral aqueduct that connects the third and fourth ventricles. It is involved in pain perception.

65
Q

Placebo

A

A substance that is known to be ineffective or inert but that, when administered like a drug, can sometimes bring relief.

66
Q

Naloxone

A

A potent antagonist of opiates that is often administered to people who have taken drug overdoses. It blocks receptors for endogenous opioids

67
Q

Nocebo

A

An inert substance that causes discomfort due to the patients expectations

PSY 333: Behavioral Neuroscience (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions