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Part 1 MFSRH 2024 > Learning from Mocks > Flashcards

Learning from Mocks Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone activates Leydig cells?

A

LH

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2
Q

Are primary spermatocytes diploid or haploid?

A

Diploid

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3
Q

What is the difference between dark and pale nuclei’d spermatagonium?

A

Type A spermatogonium that contain dark nuclei act as a reserve supply of male germ cells whereas those containing pale nuclei undergo mitosis to form Type B cells which become primary spermatocytes

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4
Q

What do sertoli cells synthesise?

A

Inhibin

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5
Q

How is ‘aura’ in relation to migraines defined?

A
  1. Onset before headache symptoms
  2. Duration up to an hour
  3. Resolves prior to headache symptoms
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6
Q

What is the age range of ‘early’ menopause?

A

40-45

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7
Q

What are the top cause of maternal mortality on the most recent MBRACE report?

A
  1. VTE
  2. Covid-19
  3. Cardiac
  4. Psychiatric
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8
Q

What is RANK-L?

A

RANK-L is found on the surface of osteoblasts and activates the RANK receptor found on osteoclasts. This results in bone resorption. RANK-L expression and receptor activation can be upregulated by inflammatory cytokines such as Il-1 and TN

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9
Q

Is a diuretic such as spironolactone helpful in PMS?

A

Diuretics such as spironolactone have been shown to alleviate physical and mood symptoms and can reduce weight gain in PMS

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10
Q

A DRSP score of 2 suggests what?

A

Minimal

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11
Q

A DRSP score of 3 suggests what?

A

Mild

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12
Q

A DRSP score of 4 suggests what?

A

Moderate

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13
Q

A DRSP score of 5 suggests what?

A

Severe

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14
Q

A DRSP score of 6 suggests what?

A

Extreme

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15
Q

What phase of testicle descent is most commonly implicated in undescended testicles?

A

The inguinoscrotal phase (mediated by androgens)

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16
Q

What do high frequency (>/= 1 hour) GnRH pulses result in?

A

LH release

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17
Q

What do low frequency (</=1 every 2-3 hours) GnRh pulses result in?

A

FSH release

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18
Q

What type of compound is GnRH?

A

GnRH is a neuropeptide, synthesised int eh arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus

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19
Q

Is GnRH constant or pulsatile in males?

A

Constant

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20
Q

How is Mullerian agenesis inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant inheritance

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21
Q

What proportion of primary amenorrhoea cases are accounted for by Mullerian agenesis?

A

15%

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22
Q

What are the partial monosomy’s that are compatible with life include?

A
  • Deletion of the end of the short arm of Chromosome 1 (1p36 deletion syndrome)
  • Deletion of the end of the short arm of Chromosome 5 (Cri du chat syndrome)
  • Deletion of part of the long arm of Chromosome 17 (17q12 microdeletion syndrome)
23
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

Single-celled and lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles - as with all bacteria

24
Q

What is theUK HPV Vaccination schedule (as of 2023) for HIV negative GBMSM?

A

<25 = 1 dose only
25-45 = 2 doses, schedule: 0, 6 to 24 months

25
Q

What type of virus is Hep C?

A

Single-stranded RNA

26
Q

What are the layers of the decidua basalis?

A

Stratum compactum (outer layer)
Stratum spongiosum (intermediate layer)
Stratum basalis (borders the myometrium)

27
Q

What are the classical ultrasound features of congenital syphilis?

A

Hepatosplenomegaly
Hydrops fetalis
Increased nuchal translucency

28
Q

What is the classic triad for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)?

A
  1. Sensorineural deafness
  2. Ophthalmic abnormalities (such as retinopathy, cataracts)
  3. Congenital cardiac disease (e.g. pulmonary artery stenosis).
29
Q

What is the max. daily caffeine dose in pregnancy?

A

200 mg of caffeine/day during pregnancy, as quantities higher than this are associated with miscarriage, stillbirth and low birth weight

30
Q

What type of bacteria is Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive rod
It is more common in pregnanct people than in the general population

31
Q

What is the reduction in risk of cervical cancer in Cu-IUD use?

A

36%

32
Q

Condomless SI in the pre-ovulatory or post-ovulatory phase has the highest risk of pregnancy?

A

Pre-ovulatory

33
Q

What are some conditions of natural family planning?

A
  • At least three menstrual cycles should have occurred after cessation of hormonal contraception before fertility indicators can be relied upon
  • The standard days method applies to cycles that are 26-32 days
34
Q

What is the failure rate of the contraceptive diaphragm?

A

12% with typical use and 6% with perfect use
Incorrect

35
Q

What proportion of women using the POP will experience ‘normal frequency’ bleeding which equates to 3-5 bleeding/spotting episodes within a 3/12 period?

A

8 in 10

36
Q

When is block randomisation most useful?

A

In trials with small samples

37
Q

What type of bias are open label trials NOT subject to?

A

Allocation bias

38
Q

What is the statistical principle that underlies confidence intervals?

A

Represent the inaccuracy of the sample in estimating the population parameter of the relative risk of [something]

39
Q

Which lymph nodes does the clitoris drain to?

A

Superficial inguinal and deep femoral lymph nodes

40
Q

What proportion of women with an ectopic pregnancy will have a lower hCG than those with an intrauterine pregnancy of a similar gestation?

A

85%

41
Q

What proportion of PID cases are due to CT or GC?

A

25%

42
Q

What does the core protein of HIV - p24 - consist of?

A

2 RNA strands and 3 enzymes

43
Q

Where does HSV-1 tend to lie dormant?

A

Trigeminal ganglia

44
Q

Where does HSV-2 tend to lie dormant?

A

Sacral ganglia

45
Q

Painful sensations arising out of tubal torsion are related to which spinal cord segments?

A

T11, T12, L1

46
Q

What happens in relation to testosterone levels at menopuase?

A

Free testosterone levels increase relative to total testosterone in the menopause

47
Q

What is a hot flush due to?

A

A hypothalamic response to the change in estrogen status in the menopause

48
Q

Is DVT a recognised complication of all SERMs?

A

No

49
Q

What is the mechanism of action of clomifene

A

Inhibits estrogen receptors at the level of the hypothalamus

50
Q

How are PDE-5 inhibitors metabolised?

A

Cytochrome P450 enzyme system

51
Q

Double-blinding reduces which type of bias?

A

Measurement bias

52
Q

For how long may an Evra patch consist in contraceptive efficacy?

A

Up to 2 day late (9 days total)

53
Q

What plane should be measured?

A

Transthalamic plane

54
Q

What is the homologue of fallopian tubes in Males?

A

Appendix of the testis

Part 1 MFSRH 2024 (20 decks)

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