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Part 1 MFSRH 2024 > Learning from Mocks > Flashcards

Learning from Mocks Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone activates Leydig cells?

A

LH

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2
Q

Are primary spermatocytes diploid or haploid?

A

Diploid

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3
Q

What is the difference between dark and pale nuclei’d spermatagonium?

A

Type A spermatogonium that contain dark nuclei act as a reserve supply of male germ cells whereas those containing pale nuclei undergo mitosis to form Type B cells which become primary spermatocytes

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4
Q

What do sertoli cells synthesise?

A

Inhibin

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5
Q

How is ‘aura’ in relation to migraines defined?

A
  1. Onset before headache symptoms
  2. Duration up to an hour
  3. Resolves prior to headache symptoms
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6
Q

What is the age range of ‘early’ menopause?

A

40-45

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7
Q

What are the top cause of maternal mortality on the most recent MBRACE report?

A
  1. VTE
  2. Covid-19
  3. Cardiac
  4. Psychiatric
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8
Q

What is RANK-L?

A

RANK-L is found on the surface of osteoblasts and activates the RANK receptor found on osteoclasts. This results in bone resorption. RANK-L expression and receptor activation can be upregulated by inflammatory cytokines such as Il-1 and TN

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9
Q

Is a diuretic such as spironolactone helpful in PMS?

A

Diuretics such as spironolactone have been shown to alleviate physical and mood symptoms and can reduce weight gain in PMS

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10
Q

A DRSP score of 2 suggests what?

A

Minimal

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11
Q

A DRSP score of 3 suggests what?

A

Mild

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12
Q

A DRSP score of 4 suggests what?

A

Moderate

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13
Q

A DRSP score of 5 suggests what?

A

Severe

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14
Q

A DRSP score of 6 suggests what?

A

Extreme

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15
Q

What phase of testicle descent is most commonly implicated in undescended testicles?

A

The inguinoscrotal phase (mediated by androgens)

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16
Q

What do high frequency (>/= 1 hour) GnRH pulses result in?

A

LH release

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17
Q

What do low frequency (</=1 every 2-3 hours) GnRh pulses result in?

A

FSH release

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18
Q

What type of compound is GnRH?

A

GnRH is a neuropeptide, synthesised int eh arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus

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19
Q

Is GnRH constant or pulsatile in males?

A

Constant

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20
Q

How is Mullerian agenesis inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant inheritance

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21
Q

What proportion of primary amenorrhoea cases are accounted for by Mullerian agenesis?

A

15%

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22
Q

What are the partial monosomy’s that are compatible with life include?

A
  • Deletion of the end of the short arm of Chromosome 1 (1p36 deletion syndrome)
  • Deletion of the end of the short arm of Chromosome 5 (Cri du chat syndrome)
  • Deletion of part of the long arm of Chromosome 17 (17q12 microdeletion syndrome)
23
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

Single-celled and lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles - as with all bacteria

24
Q

What is theUK HPV Vaccination schedule (as of 2023) for HIV negative GBMSM?

A

<25 = 1 dose only
25-45 = 2 doses, schedule: 0, 6 to 24 months

25
What type of virus is Hep C?
Single-stranded RNA
26
What are the layers of the decidua basalis?
Stratum compactum (outer layer) Stratum spongiosum (intermediate layer) Stratum basalis (borders the myometrium)
27
What are the classical ultrasound features of congenital syphilis?
Hepatosplenomegaly Hydrops fetalis Increased nuchal translucency
28
What is the classic triad for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)?
1. Sensorineural deafness 2. Ophthalmic abnormalities (such as retinopathy, cataracts) 3. Congenital cardiac disease (e.g. pulmonary artery stenosis).
29
What is the max. daily caffeine dose in pregnancy?
200 mg of caffeine/day during pregnancy, as quantities higher than this are associated with miscarriage, stillbirth and low birth weight
30
What type of bacteria is Listeria monocytogenes?
Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive rod It is more common in pregnanct people than in the general population
31
What is the reduction in risk of cervical cancer in Cu-IUD use?
36%
32
Condomless SI in the pre-ovulatory or post-ovulatory phase has the highest risk of pregnancy?
Pre-ovulatory
33
What are some conditions of natural family planning?
- At least three menstrual cycles should have occurred after cessation of hormonal contraception before fertility indicators can be relied upon - The standard days method applies to cycles that are 26-32 days
34
What is the failure rate of the contraceptive diaphragm?
12% with typical use and 6% with perfect use Incorrect
35
What proportion of women using the POP will experience 'normal frequency' bleeding which equates to 3-5 bleeding/spotting episodes within a 3/12 period?
8 in 10
36
When is block randomisation most useful?
In trials with small samples
37
What type of bias are open label trials NOT subject to?
Allocation bias
38
What is the statistical principle that underlies confidence intervals?
Represent the inaccuracy of the sample in estimating the population parameter of the relative risk of [something]
39
Which lymph nodes does the clitoris drain to?
Superficial inguinal and deep femoral lymph nodes
40
What proportion of women with an ectopic pregnancy will have a lower hCG than those with an intrauterine pregnancy of a similar gestation?
85%
41
What proportion of PID cases are due to CT or GC?
25%
42
What does the core protein of HIV - p24 - consist of?
2 RNA strands and 3 enzymes
43
Where does HSV-1 tend to lie dormant?
Trigeminal ganglia
44
Where does HSV-2 tend to lie dormant?
Sacral ganglia
45
Painful sensations arising out of tubal torsion are related to which spinal cord segments?
T11, T12, L1
46
What happens in relation to testosterone levels at menopuase?
Free testosterone levels increase relative to total testosterone in the menopause
47
What is a hot flush due to?
A hypothalamic response to the change in estrogen status in the menopause
48
Is DVT a recognised complication of all SERMs?
No
49
What is the mechanism of action of clomifene
Inhibits estrogen receptors at the level of the hypothalamus
50
How are PDE-5 inhibitors metabolised?
Cytochrome P450 enzyme system
51
Double-blinding reduces which type of bias?
Measurement bias
52
For how long may an Evra patch consist in contraceptive efficacy?
Up to 2 day late (9 days total)
53
What plane should be measured?
Transthalamic plane
54
What is the homologue of fallopian tubes in Males?
Appendix of the testis

Part 1 MFSRH 2024 (20 decks)

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