Learning Explanations Of Phobias

Question 1

What’s the model that mower (1947) proposes

Answer 1

The two process model

Question 2

What is the two process model a combination of

Answer 2

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning

Question 3

Classical conditioning = CC
Operant conditioning=

Answer 3

OC

Question 4

CC: what’s a phobia learned through

Answer 4

ASSOCIATION of two unrelated stimuli

Question 5

unconditioned stimulus produces a?

Answer 5

Unconditioned response

Question 6

when a conditioned response is paired with the ? Produces the unconditioned response

Answer 6

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 7

Eventually the ? Will produce the conditioned response

Answer 7

Conditioned stimulus

Question 8

How does conditioning link to phobias

Answer 8

We learn abnormal behaviors through conditioning — phobias are learnt through association

Question 9

Operant conditioning suggest we learn through

Answer 9

Rewards and punishment

Question 10

OC: how are phobias maintained

Answer 10

Negative reinforcement, through avoiding the phobic item, this removes the fear response so they’re more likely to repeat this behavior

Question 11

A strength of the two process model

Answer 11

-P: the behavior has led to successful therapies
E: for example systematic desensitization
E: shown very successful outcomes
L: therefore the explanation must be somewhat true

-support from Watson and Rayner (1920) shows classical conditioning to be the cause of phobias as little Albert learned to associate two items which wouldn’t normally be associated causing him to be phobic of white rats

Question 12

Limitations of the two process model

Answer 12

P:it ignores the role of biology and evolution.
E:There is plenty of evidence to support a genetic transmission of some disorders.
E: e.g we are born with innate fear of any object or situation that can cause us harm,
L: Therefore this explanation can’t explain innate phobias only fears learnt from the environment