Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry > Learning Disability > Flashcards

Learning Disability Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition for learning disability? What is it characterised by? When does it manifest?

A

Condition for arrested/incomplete development of mind

  • characterised by impairment of skills
  • manifested during the development period
  • contributes to the overall level of intelligence: cognitive/language/motor/social abilities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three aspects of ‘ordinary life’ philosophy?

A
  • person living with learning disability has the same human rights/values as everyone else
  • living with other in a community = a right and a need
  • services must recognis individuality of people with learning disability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the corresponding IQ’s for:

  • borderline
  • mild
  • moderate
  • severe
  • profound
A 
borderline: 70+
Mild: 50-69
Moderate: 35-49
Severe: 20-34
Profound: <20
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you work out IQ?

A

(mental age / chronological age) X 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is learning disability diagnosed? What tools can be used?

A
  • based on clinical findings
  • adaptive behavior
  • psychometric assessment (most commonly used is wechsle adult intelligence scale WAIS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three aspects of impairments posed by learning disability?

A
  1. The impairment itself, eg brain injury as result of perinatal trauma
  2. The resulting disability eg inability to read
  3. The resulting social handicap eg problems with regard to occupational, leisure and personal relationship opportunities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mental age of someone with borderline learning disability?
Is it a category in DC-LD, ICD-10 or DSM-IV?

A

12-<15years

NOT a category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Moderate learning disability:

  • mental age
  • 5 clinical features
  • aetiology
A

¬ I.Q. range 35-49, mental age 6 to under 9 years.
¬ Slow with Comprehension and Language
¬ Limited Achievements
¬ Delayed Self care and Motor Skills
¬ Simple Practical Tasks - Often with Supervision
¬ Usually Fully Mobile - Physically Active
¬ Discrepant profiles
¬ Majority Organic Aetiology
¬ Epilepsy & Physical Disability common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

For mild learning disability:

  • mental age
  • clinical features (5)
  • aetiology
A

¬ mental age 9 to under 12 years.
¬ Most Common
¬ Delayed speech - able to use everyday speech
¬ Full independence – Self care, practical & domestic skills
¬ Difficulties in Reading and Writing
¬ Capable of unskilled or semi-skilled work
¬ Problems if Social or Emotional Immaturity
¬ Rarely organic aetiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

For severe learning disability:

  • what is the mental age?
  • how do the clinical features differ from moderate LD?
  • aetiology?
A

¬ mental age 3 to under 6 years.
¬ Generally more marked impairment than in moderate L.D. and achievements more restricted.
¬ Epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

For profound LD:

  • mental age
  • clinical features (4)
A

¬ I.Q. less than 20 (difficult to measure), mental age less than 3 years.
¬ Severe limitation in ability to understand or comply with requests or instructions.
¬ Little or no self-care.
¬ Often severe mobility restriction.
¬ Basic or simple tasks may be acquired.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the prenatal/perinatal/postnatal aetiologies assoc. with learning diabilities?

A

¬ Prenatal – Genetic, Chromosomal, intrauterine
¬ Perinatal – birth trauma, anoxia
¬ Postnatal – infection, head injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is down’s syndrome

A
  • trisomy 21

- assoc. with learning disability and alzheimers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is patau syndrome?

A
  • trisomy 13
  • 18% survive 1 year
  • mosaicism can occur which have a less severe form and survive past a year
  • assoc. with learning disabilities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Edward’s syndrome?

A
  • trisomy 18
  • 10% survive 1 year
  • assoc. with learning disabilities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is cri du chat 5P?

A

-microcephaly
-severe/profound learning disability
Infants with this condition often have a high-pitched cry that sounds like that of a cat.

17
Q

What is angelman 15q?

A
  • maternally derived
  • learning disability
  • ataxia
  • paroxysms of laughter
18
Q

What is prader-willi 15Q?

A
  • paternally derived
  • learning disability
  • over eating
  • self-injurious behavior
19
Q

What is velo-cardiofacial syndrome?

A
  • 50% have learning disability
  • inc. risk of schizophrenia
  • AKA digeorge syndrome
20
Q

What is turners syndrome?

A

XO

  • are shorter than average
  • have underdeveloped ovaries (female reproductive organs), resulting in a lack of monthly periods and infertility
  • associated with learning disability
21
Q

What trisomy X

A

language-based learning disabilities, developmental dyspraxia, tall stature, low muscle tone (hypotonia), and abnormal bending or curving of the pinkies toward the ring fingers (clinodactyly).

22
Q

What is klinefelter syndrome?

A

-XXY
in babies and toddlers – learning to sit up, crawl, walk and talk later than usual, being weaker, quieter and more passive than usual
in childhood – shyness and low self-confidence, problems with reading, writing, spelling and paying attention, mild dyslexia and/or dyspraxia, low energy levels, difficulty socialising or expressing feelings
in teenagers – growing taller than expected for the family (with long arms and legs), broad hips, poor muscle tone and slower than usual muscle growth, reduced facial and body hair that starts growing later than usual, a small penis and testicles, enlarged breasts (gynaecomastia)
in adulthood – inability to have children naturally (infertility) and a low sex drive, in addition to the physical characteristics mentioned above

23
Q

What can defects in protein (Phenylketonuria) carbohydrate (Mucopolysaccharidoses), lipid metabolism (Neurolipidoses), congenital hypothyroidism, tuberose scleriosis all cause?

A

severe learning disability

24
Q

What are the prenatal factors that can cause learning disability? (5)

A

¬ Maternal Infection-Rubella, CMV, Toxoplasmosis
¬ Exposure to medication or drugs
¬ alcohol (Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder – may be the cause of 10-20% of cases of mild LD, association with ADHD )
¬ Poor Diet,
-Substance abuse

25
Q

What are the perinatal factors that can cause learning disability? (6)

A

¬ Neonatal septicaemia
¬ pneumonia
¬ meningitis/encephalitis
¬ other problems at delivery – birth injury
¬ other newborn complications (respiratory distress, hyperbilirubinaemia, hypoglycaemia, extreme prematurity)

26
Q

What are the postnatal factors occurring in the first year of life that cause learning disability? (2)

A

¬ BRAIN INSULT: CNS infections, vascular accidents, tumours, hypoxic brain injury, head injury, NAI, exposure to toxic agents, psychosocial environment
congenital hypothyroidism – now screened for neonatally, if untreated leads to mental and growth retardation

27
Q

why is there an underdiagnosis of psychiatric illness in people with learning diabilities? (4)

A
  • intellect: labelling emotions/experiences
  • diagnostic overshadowing: symptoms attributed to learning disability
  • compliance: ‘talked out of’ symptoms
  • eager to please
28
Q

Is schizophrenia common in people with learning disabilities? What is different about schizophrenia in people with learning disabilites?

A
  • 3X more common
  • somatisation +++
  • decreased verbal expression of how it’s affecting them
29
Q

what is the triad for autism spectrum disorder?

A
  • abnormal social interaction
  • communication impairment
  • restricted, rigid or repetitive behavior/interests/activities
30
Q

Describe the management of autism spectrum disorder

A

structure, routine, predictability, communication

-communication aids/speech and language

Psychiatry (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions