Learning Disabilities

Question 1

Define learning disability

Answer 1

A condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind, which is especially characterised by impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to the overall level of intelligence i.e. cognitive, language, motor and social abilities

Question 2

What is the criteria for a learning disability?

Answer 2

Intellectual impairment (IQ < 70)
Social or adaptive dysfunction (Deficits/Impairments in 2 or more of following adaptive skills: communication, self-care, home living, social skills, community use, self direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure &amp; work)
Onset in the developmental period (age 18)

Question 3

What is the classification of a learning disability based on IQ?

Answer 3

Mild learning disability 50 to 69
Moderate learning disability 35 to 49
Severe learning disability 20 to 34
Profound learning disability <20

Question 4

What is the aetiology of learning disabilities?

Answer 4

Genetic (fragile X, PKU, Retts syndrome, DiGeroge Syndrome, Prader-Willi, Angolan syndrome, Down syndrome)
Infective (rubella, meningitis, encephalitis)
Foetal alcohol syndrome
Birth asyphxia
Head injury

Question 5

What are physical conditions with learning disabilities?

Answer 5

Epilepsy
Sensory impairments
Obesity
Gastrointestinal (swallowing problems, reflux oesophagitis, H pylori, constipation)
Respiratory problems (chest infections, aspiration pneumonia)
Cerebral palsy
Orthopaedic problems (joint contractures, osteoporosis)
Dermatological and dental problems