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Psychiatry > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the problem focused coping mechanism of stress?

A

Where efforts are directed toward modifying stressor. Preparation, studying or interview practice

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2
Q

What is the emotion focused coping mechanism of stress?

A

Modify emotional reaction. Mental defence mechanisms eg Denial. Relaxation training

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3
Q

What are the symptom groups of anxiety?

A 
Psychological arousal
Autonomic Arousal
Muscle Tension
Hyperventilation
Sleep Disturbance
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4
Q

What are the psychological arousal reactions to stress producing anxiety?

A 
Fearful Anticipation
Irritability
Sensitivity to noise
Poor concentration
Worrying Thoughts
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5
Q

What are the autonomic arousal reactions to stress producing anxiety?

A 
Dry Mouth
Swallowing difficulties
Dyspepsia, nausea and wind
Frequent loose motions
Tight chest 
Difficulty inhaling
Palpitations/Missed beats
Chest pain
Frequency/urgency of micturition
Amenorrhoea/ Dysmenorrhoea
Erectile failure
Dizziness and sweating
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6
Q

What are the muscle tension reactions to stress producing anxiety?

A

Tremor
Headache
Muscle pain

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7
Q

What are the hyperventilation reactions to stress producing anxiety?

A

Causing CO2 deficit hypocapnia
Numbness tingling in extremities may lead to carpopedal spasm
Breathlessness

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8
Q

What are the sleep disturbance reactions to stress producing anxiety?

A

Initial insomnia
Frequent waking
Nightmares and night terrors

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9
Q

What is generalised anxiety disorder?

A

Persistent (several months) symptoms not confined to a situation or object.
All the symptoms of human anxiety can occur

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10
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for anxiety disorders?

A 
Depression
Schizophrenia
Dementia
Substance Misuse
Thyrotoxicosis
Phaeochromoctoma
Hypoglycaemia
Asthma and or Arrhythmias
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11
Q

What are the management options for generalised anxiety disorder?

A

Counselling
Relaxation training
Medication
Cognitive behavioural therapy

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12
Q

What are the key features of phobic anxiety disorders?

A

Same core features as GAD only in specific circumstances
Person behaves to avoid these circumstances “phobic avoidance”
Sufferer also experiences anxiety if there is a perceived threat of encountering the feared object or situation “anticipatory anxiety”

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13
Q

What are the different categories of phobic anxiety disorders?

A

Specific phobias
Social phobias
Agoraphobia

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14
Q

What is a social phobia?

A

Inappropriate anxiety in situation where person feels observed or could be criticised (restaurants, shops, queues, public speaking)

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15
Q

What are the management options for social phobias?

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy
Education and advice
Medication (SSRIs)

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16
Q

What are the core features of obssesive compulsive disorder?

A

Obsessional Thoughts:
Ideas, images or impulses
Occurring repeatedly not willed
Unpleasant and distressing (often the antithesis of personality type)
Recognised as the individual’s own thoughts
Usual key anxiety symptoms arise because of distress of the thoughts or attempts to resist
Compulsive Acts or Rituals:
Stereotypical behaviours repeated again and again
Not enjoyable
Not helpful i.e. do not result in useful activity

17
Q

What are the management options for OCD?

A 
Education and explanation 
Involve partner/family 
Serotenergic drugs (SSRIs, clopiramine) 
Cognitive behavioural therapy 
Psychosurgery
18
Q

What is post traumatic stress disorder?

A

Delayed and or protracted reaction to a stressor of exceptional severity

19
Q

What are some of the causes of PTSD?

A 
Combat 
Natural or manmade disaster 
Rape 
Assault 
Torture 
Witnessing any of the above
20
Q

What are the key elements of reaction to PTSD?

A

Hyperarousal
Re-experiencing phenomena
Avoidance of reminders

21
Q

What features of hyperarousal can PTSD cause?

A

Persistent anxiety
Irritability
Insomnia
Poor concentration

22
Q

What features if re-experieincing phenomena can PTSD cause?

A

Intense intrusive images:
Flashbacks when awake
Nightmares during sleep

23
Q

What features of avoidance can PTSD cause?

A

Emotional numbness
Cue avoidance
Recall difficulties
Diminishes interests

24
Q

What are the vulnerability factors for PTSD?

A

Mood disorder
Previous trauma especially as child
Lack of social support
Female gender

25
Q

What are the protective factors against PTSD?

A

Higher education and social group
Japanese American ethnicity
Good paternal relationship

Psychiatry (17 decks)

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