Affective Disorders Flashcards
What are mood disorders?
Disorders of mental status and function where altered mood is the core feature
What are the psychological symptoms of depression?
Change in mood (depression, anxiety, perplexity, anhedonia)
Change in thought content (guilt, hopelessness, worthlessness)
What are the physical symptoms of depression?
Change in bodily function (energy, sleep, appetite, libido, constipation, pain)
Change in psychomotor functioning (agitation, retardation)
What are the social symptoms of depression?
Loss of interests
Irritability
Apathy
Withdrawal, loss of confidence, indecisive
Loss of concentration, registration and memory
What is anhedonia?
Loss of ability to derive pleasure from experience
What is stupor?
A state of extreme retardation in which consciousness is intact. The patient stops moving, speaking, eating and drinking
What are the symptoms of somatic syndrome?
Marked loss of interest or pleasure in activities that are normally pleasurable
Lack of emotional reactions to events or activities that normally produce an emotional response
Waking 2hrs before the normal time
Depression worse in morning
Objective evidence of psychomotor agitation or retardation
Marked loss of appetite
Weight loss
Marked loss of libido
What is the general criteria for depression?
AT LEAST 2 OF:
Depressed mood that is abnormal for most of the day almost everyday for the past 2 weeks, largely uninfluenced by circumstances
Loss of interest or pleasure
Decreased energy or increased fatigability
What is the additional criteria used to assess severity of depression?
Loss of confidence or self esteem
Unreasonable feelings of guilt or self reproach or excessive guilt
Recurrent thoughts of death by suicide or any suicidal behaviour
Decreased concentration
Agitation or retardation
Sleep disturbance of any sort
Change in appetite
What is the differential diagnosis for depression?
Normal reaction to life event SAD Dysarthria Cyclothymia Bipolar Stroke, tumour, dementia Hypothyroidism, Addison's, hyperparathyroidism Infections (influenza, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS) Drugs
What is the treatment for depression?
Antidepressants
CBT
ECT
What are the different types of antidepressants used to treat depression?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Monamine oxidase inhibitors
What are the symptoms of hypomania?
Lesser degree of mania, no psychosis
Mild elevation of mood or several days on end
Increased energy and activity, marked feeling of wellbeing
Increased sociability, talkativeness, overfamiliarity, increased sexual energy, decreased need for sleep
May be irritable
Concentration reduced, new interests, mild overspending
What are the symptoms of mania?
Severe enough to disrupt work and social activities
Elevated mood, increased energy, overactivity, pressure of speech, decreased need for sleep
Disinhibition
Grandiosity
Alteration of senses
Extravagant spending
What is the differential diagnosis of mania?
Mixed affective state Schizoaffective disorder Schizophrenia Cyclothymia ADHD Drugs and alcohol Stroke, MS, tumour, epilepsy, AIDS, neurosyphilis Cushing's, hyperthyroidism SLE
