Learning disabilities

Question 1

Define learning disability

Answer 1

Global impairment of intelligence and significant difficulties in social adaptive functioning.

IQ below 70 (present in 2.5% popn)
Mild - 50-69, mod 35-49, severe 20-34, profound <20.

Question 2

What is the most common genetic cause of learning disabilities?

Answer 2

Trisomy 21.

Others include fragile x, and phenylketonuria.

Question 3

What are the characteristics of fragile x syndrome?

Answer 3

Elongated face, prominent ears, high arched palate, larger testis, hyperextendable joints.

Learning disability, Autistic type behaviour, anxiety, depression, hyperactivity, expressive language deficits.

Question 4

Which gene is mutated in fragile x syndrome?

Answer 4

FMR1 gene

Question 5

What are the features of fetal alcohol syndrome!

Answer 5

Wide palpebral fissure, smooth philtrum, thin top lip,

Learning disabilities, behavioural difficulties, fetal growth retardation, neuroleptic problems.

Question 6

What IQ suggests mild mod and severe LDs?

Answer 6

50-70 mild
35-50 mod
Less than 35 severe