Learning Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

The behaviourist approach

A

Interested in studying behaviour that is observable and able to measure. Nurture approach.

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2
Q

Classical conditioning

A
Learning by association. Pavlov's Dog
UCS(food)->UCR(saliva)
NS(bell)->no response
NS(bell)+UCS(food)->UCR(saliva)
CS(bell)->CR(saliva)
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3
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning from consequences. Rat study, Skinner.

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4
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Receiving a reward/praise

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5
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Avoiding something unpleasant. Hands in homework to avoid a detention.

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6
Q

Punishment

A

Unpleasant consequence of behaviour, eg told off for talking in class. Decreases likelihood of repeating behaviour.

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7
Q

Reinforcement

A

Increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated, can be positive or negative.

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8
Q

Evaluation of behaviourism

A

Real life application- token economy for schizophrenics, classical conditioning can be applied to the treatment of phobias.
Highly controlled settings.
Suggests we don’t have free will as we have been conditioned from our past reinforcement history.

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9
Q

Social learning theory

A

Behaviour learned through observation and imitation of others in a social setting.

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10
Q

Imitation

A

Copying behaviour of others.

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11
Q

Identification

A

When an observer associates themselves with a role model and wants to be like the role model.

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12
Q

Modelling

A

From the observers perspective, Modelling is imitating the behaviour of a role model.

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13
Q

Vicarious reinforcement

A

Reinforcement which is not directly experienced but occurs through observing someone else being reinforced for a behaviour. Only occurs if their behaviour is rewarded.

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14
Q

Mediational processes

A

Cognitive factors that influence learning and come between stimulus and response.

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15
Q

Bandura

A

4 mediational processes
Attention- the extent we notice certain behaviours.
Retention- how well the behaviour is remembered.
Motor reproduction- ability of observer to perform behaviour.
Motivation- the will to perform behaviour, depending on if it was rewarded or punished.

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16
Q

Evaluation of the social learning theory

A

Recognises that cognitive factors are important unlike behaviourism.
Bandura’s study’s were in labs, may show demand characteristics. (Bobo dolls).
Made no biological factors, boys could have more levels of testosterone so show more aggressive behaviour.

17
Q

Bandura

A

Bobo dolls study, children acted more aggressively after observing the aggressive adult than the non aggressive.

18
Q

Skinner

A

Rat study, every time the rat activated a lever with the box it was given food. It did the behaviour more often.

19
Q

Little albert

A

Conditioned the boy to be afraid of rats by scaring him with a loud bang every time he touched the rat.