Learning aim D: Principles of Management

Question 1

The reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way.

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

Physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization

Answer 2

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Question 3

This theory suggests there are two different sets of factors which influence job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction. These were:
Hygiene factors (extrinsic motivators)
Motivation factors (intrinsic motivators)

Answer 3

Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory

Question 4

Motivational theory suggesting that employees are motivated by pay. This theory implied that employees required clear guidelines, close supervision, and high levels of control in order for them to be coerced to perform effectively in the workplace.

Answer 4

Taylor’s Theory (Scientific Management)

Question 5

Theory suggests workers should: be given a say in what happens to them, have improved communication, be organised into teams and be given social facilities such as clubs or sports facilities. Managers should have a good relationship with staff.

Answer 5

Mayo’s Motivational Theory

Question 6

Any form of money payment (salary, commission, pension etc)

Answer 6

Financial Rewards

Question 7

A sum of money divided into 12 monthly payments.

Answer 7

Salary

Question 8

Employees are paid according to the amount of time they work.

Answer 8

Time Based Payment

Question 9

Employees are paid for each item produced that meets the desired quality standard

Answer 9

Piece Rate

Question 10

Paid for time worked beyond the regular hours

Answer 10

Overtime

Question 11

Extra payment usually made for high levels of performance.

Answer 11

Bonus

Question 12

A range of employment options designed to help employees balance work and home life.

Answer 12

Flexible Working

Question 13

A job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another

Answer 13

Job Rotation

Question 14

Collaborative efforts of people to accomplish common objectives

Answer 14

Teamwork

Question 15

The role of employees are enhanced with greater responsibility, by increasing the range & complexity of tasks.

Answer 15

Job Enrichment

Question 16

Employees are provided with greater levels of freedom and trust in their role, allowing them to make more influential decisions.

Answer 16

Empowerment and Autonomy

Question 17

Employees are involved in decision making.

Answer 17

Consultation

Question 18

Involves the addition of extra, similar, tasks to a job. By widening the range of tasks that need to be performed, hopefully the employee will experience less repetition and monotony

Answer 18

Job Enlargement

Question 19

Giving staff non-financial extras such as extra leave.

Answer 19

Employee Benefits and Perks

Question 20

Telling workers what to do. Employees have no input in decision making.

Answer 20

Autocratic

Question 21

Allowing staff input, more autonomy but the manager remains in control.

Answer 21

Democratic

Question 22

The process of increasing the knowledge and skills of the workforce to enable them to perform their jobs .

Answer 22

Training

Question 23

Methods used to motivate workers that do not involve giving any financial reward

Answer 23

Non-financial Rewards