Learning

Question 1

Habituation

Answer 1

Tendency to respond to stimuli lessens as the stimuli become more farmiliar

Question 2

Classical conditioning (Pavlov)

Answer 2

Creation of involuntary responses to stimuli

Question 3

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 3

From the environment, triggers natural responses (food)

Question 4

Unconditioned response

Answer 4

Natural reaction of unconditioned stimulus (salvation to food)

Question 5

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 5

Paired with unconditioned stimulus, before pairing, the conditioned stimulus does not produce a response, after pairing it does (bell)

Question 6

Conditioned response

Answer 6

A response to a conditioned stimulus, the conditioned response is often the same as the unconditioned response, but it is a learned response (salvation to the bell)

Question 7

Extinction

Answer 7

When the conditioned stimuli appears without unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response eventually disappears

Question 8

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 8

After extinction, the conditioned stimulus reappears and elicits conditioned response

Question 9

Generalization

Answer 9

Conditioned response occurs to stimuli that are similar to conditioned stimuli

Question 10

Discrimination

Answer 10

Conditioned response occurs to conditioned stimuli that was previously paired with unconditioned stimulus

Question 11

Operant conditioning

Answer 11

Learning based on the association of consequences to ones behavior

Question 12

Operant

Answer 12

An instrumental response (a rat pressing a lever)

Question 13

Reinforcer

Answer 13

A reward that increases the likelihood of a Behavior (food)

Question 14

Positive reinforcement

Answer 14

If desired behavior occurs, add something pleasant

Question 15

Negative reinforcer

Answer 15

If desired behavior occurs, take away something unpleasant

Question 16

Punisher

Answer 16

Something that decreases the likelihood of a behavior (shock)

Question 17

Learned helplessness

Answer 17

Occurs when a subject believes that unpleasant or painful stimuli are inevitable and gives up trying to change the circumstances

Question 18

Shaping

Answer 18

Reinforcing successive steps to reach a desired behavior

Question 19

Chaining

Answer 19

Reinforcing a series of behaviors to get a reward

Question 20

Extinction of behavior

Answer 20

Occurs if behavioral response is no longer reinforced

Question 21

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 21

Reinforcement after every correct response

Question 22

Partial reinforcement

Answer 22

Reinforcement after some correct responses

Question 23

Fixed

Answer 23

Reinforcement is given a fixed amount of time after a correct response

Question 24

Variable

Answer 24

Reinforcement is given an average amount of time after a correct response

Question 25

Fixed-ratio schedule

Answer 25

Reinforcement is given after a fixed number of correct responses

Question 26

Variable-ratio schedule

Answer 26

Reinforcement is given after an average number of correct responses