Learning

Question 1

3 models of learning

Answer 1

Reception: acquisition of knowledge & memorisation (a bit like this exam revision…), no social emotional learning e.g. National Curriculum, O Levels, X tables
Constructivist: meaning-making e.g. formative assessment, research activities, investigations, teacher as facilitator
Co-constructivist: expands on constructivist with a focus on dialogue, collaborative rather than individual e.g. learning conversations

Question 2

UNESCO 1996 The Treasure Within

Answer 2

4 Purposes for Learning
1. Learning to know
2. Learning to do
3. Learning to live together
4. Learning to be
The four pillars of education

Question 3

Watkins et al 1996

Answer 3

Knowledge base doubles every 4 years
In a society increasingly organised around the processing of information, more effective learning is required
In a learning society, employment prospects relate more to the ability to enhance and transfer learning than to the accumulation of knowledge and qualifications
People need to learn in an increasing range of contexts

Question 4

Askew & Lodge 2000 - Reception

Answer 4

In the reception model, feedback is largely a gift from the teacher to the learner, and usually summative

Question 5

Freire 1970 - Reception

Answer 5

“Education thus becomes an act of depositing, in which the students are the depositories and the teacher is the depositor.” “In the banking concept of education, knowledge is a gift bestowed by those who consider themselves knowledgeable upon those whom they consider know nothing.”

Question 6

Cooper & McIntyre 1996 - Constructivism (research study)

Answer 6

“A powerful feature uniting all these preferred strategies was the opportunities they all provided for pupils to represent information in ways they found personally meaningful.”

Question 7

Askew & Lodge 2000 - Constructivism

Answer 7

Feedback is formative, encouraging further connecting and new understanding. feedback is also ‘ping pong’ and in co-constructivism, feedback loops

Question 8

Anderson 1999 - Co-constructivism

Answer 8

Dialogue “a dynamic generative kind of conversation in which there is room for all voices.”

Question 9

Co-constructivism

Answer 9

Not common in schools. Encourages the kind of learning young people will need - confidence dealing with complexity, making connections, learning together, being explicit about learning

Question 10

Carnell & Lodge 2002

Answer 10

“Effective learners are active, responsible and collaborative in their learning.”

Question 11

Effective learning

Answer 11

An act of construction
Handled with or in the context of others
Driven by learner agency
Meta learning (learning about learning)

Question 12

Effective learner

Answer 12

Active & strategic
Skilled in collaboration
Takes responsibility for own learning
Understands his/her learning and plans/monitors/reflects - meta learning

Question 13

Carnell & Lodge 2002 Co-constructivist classrooms

Answer 13

Focus on learning
Joint goals
Appropriate pace
Language focuses on learning and meta-learning
Learning is connected across all contexts
Learners construct their own questions and help each other
Learning is seen as dialogue
Learning is seen as holistic inc. SEL
Learning community

Question 14

Claxton 1999

Answer 14

The new 3 R's
Resilience
Resourcefulness
Reflectiveness
-connected human qualities