Culture

Question 1

Rodwell 1998

Answer 1

Transfer of cultures
Professional materials can be either:
a) internationalised (for all cultures)
b) indiginised (for one culture in particular)

Question 2

Hofstede 2010

Cultural dimensions

Answer 2

Power distance
Masculinity v Femininity
Uncertainty avoidance (Confucian dynamism)
Individualism v collectivism
Long term orientation

Question 3

Hofstede 2010

Values

Answer 3

Core values - the collective programming of the mind

Question 4

Brislin 1999

Definition

Answer 4

Culture - ideals, values and assumptions about life that guide behaviours.
Values - a short cut to thinking

Question 5

Helson 1964

Answer 5

Disconfirmed expectancies
e.g. son of an African tribesman expects preferential treatment at a US university, but is treated the same as others, so feels discriminated against

Question 6

Ross 1997

Answer 6

Fundamental attribution error
Judging others using our own behaviours as points of reference e.g. if you always return phone calls, you expect others to and when they don’t, you interpret it as rudeness

Question 7

Trompenaars 2012

Answer 7

Universalism (treating everyone the same) v Particularism (preference to those high up in a ‘tribal’ type system). What is perfectly normal in a particularist culture would be seen as nepotism in a universal culture.