Learning

Question 1

Which neurotransmitter is important in making predictions, particularly if the outcome is surprising?

Answer 1

Dopamine sends a message all over the brain

Question 2

What is learning?

Answer 2

Making the future seem more predictable

Question 3

What is nonassociative learning? What is associative learning?

Answer 3

Nonassociative: Simple learning to reduce or increase the amount of responding we do to that stimuli that innately drive a response

Associative: Linking up stimuli and experiences because something that was previously neutral predicts something important (good or bad)

Question 4

What is habituation?

Answer 4

Decrease how much you respond to stimulus that repeats in your environment and doesn’t predict anything

Question 5

What is sensitization?

Answer 5

Increase how much you respond to stimulus that repeats in your environment and is potentially noxious

Question 6

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 6

A neutral cue reliably predicts an important outcome (good or bad). These provoke actions/responses that we can measure the responses to cues to measure the strength of learning

Question 7

What is the unconditioned stimulus (sometimes abbreviated as US or UCS) and the unconditioned response (sometimes described as UR or UCR)?

Answer 7

US = Something innately valuable - Food
UR = Response you have to stimulus - Salivating

Question 8

What are the conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR)?

Answer 8

CS = Has nothing to do with the stimulus - Bell
CR = Response you have to the conditioned stimulus - Salivating

Question 9

Are classical conditioning responses voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 9

Involuntary

Question 10

What is acquisition?

Answer 10

Acquisition: Learning the conditioned response to the stimuli

Question 11

What is extinction?

Answer 11

Extinction: Need a way to stop responding to neutral stimuli

Question 12

What is spontaneous recovery?

Answer 12

Spontaneous recovery: Reintroduce stimulus once and it produces the conditioned response

Question 13

What is blocking?

Answer 13

No need to learn about second predictive stimulus - doesn’t help you predict new stuff

Question 14

What is the Garcia effect?

Answer 14

the aversion develops more strongly for stimuli that cause nausea than other stimuli

Question 15

What is latent inhibition?

Answer 15

You may have a trouble that a cue predicts anything at all

Question 16

What is operant conditioning? How is it different from classical conditioning?

Answer 16

Learning two associations
A cue in environment that triggers an action, an action triggers an outcome
These are more voluntary