Learning Flashcards
What is Pavlovian/Classical conditioning?
The relationship of Unconditional and Conditional Stimulus with and Unconditional and Conditional response.
What is Operant Condition?
The effects of consequences on behaviours and the variables affecting them. Behaviouristic approach Changes in behaviour are caused by • the organism • environmental demands
Describe positive and negative reinforcement and punishment.
Positive is to add something in response to a behaviour.
Negative is to remove something in response to a behaviour.
Punishment decreases the likleyhood of a behaviour occurring.
Reinforcement increases the likleyhood of a behaviour occuring.
What is Social Learning Theory?
Constructivist. It is what determines learning and performance in humans.
Learning: Observation
Performance: Reinforcement.
What is the important relationshop in Pavlovian conditioning?
Between the Unconditional Stimulus and the Conditioned Stimulus?
What is extinction?
The process of removing a conditioned response. Remove the unconditional stimulus.
What factors affect extinction?
Spontaneous recovery
Emergence of conditioned fear some time after successful extinction
Renewal effect
Emergence of conditioned fear in different context after successful extinction
Reinstatement
Emergence of conditioned fear after encounter of US alone after successful extinction
How can you prevent relapse in extinction?
Strengthening extinction learning
Re-consolidation: Fear-memories become vulnerable for a brief period after retrieval
What variables affect the consequences in Operant Conditioning?
Individual preferences
State of organism: Deprivation/satiation
Schedule continuous vs. partial Size bigger is better quality vs. quantity
Delay
Immediate reward vs. delayed punishment
Alternatives
Do what ‘pays’ best
What are some tenants of social learning theory?
Consequences affect performance
Human learning largely independent of consequences – faster avenues
Modelling
Verbal instruction
