Leaf Structure Flashcards
How does the upper epidermal layer increase rate of photosynthesis?
Coated in waxy cuticle which prevents water loss through evaporation, thus increasing rate of photosynthesis. Usually transparent, thus maximising light absorption.
Where are the most chloroplasts found?
Palisade mesophyll
How does the location of chloroplasts link to the process of photosynthesis?
Cells containing chloroplasts are found in the palisade layer of the leaf, which is under the upper epidermis. This allows maximal light absorption. Chloroplasts are located near the cell wall, providing a shorter diffusion pathway of gases in and out of the cell, increasing rate of photosynthesis.
How does the structure of chloroplasts maximise rate of photosynthesis? (1)
Chloroplasts contain grana which are stacks of thylakoids. These stacks increase the surface area, increasing rate of photosynthesis by maximising light absorption.
What do thylakoids do?
Thylakoids contain the green pigment chlorophyll which captures sunlight that can be used to split water molecules in light dependent phase of photosynthesis.
How does the structure of chloroplasts maximise rate of photosynthesis? (2)
Stroma is the clear fluid located in the inner membrane of the chloroplasts. The clearness doesn’t block sunlight, thus, maximising light absorption and increasing rate of photosynthesis.
How are chloroplast cells in the palisade layer arranged? How does this link to rate of photosynthesis?
These long, cylindrical cells are arranged vertically and are tightly packed. This means light has to pass through lengthways, thus increasing chance of light entering the chloroplasts and increasing rate of photosynthesis.
How does spongy mesophyll increase rate of photosynthesis?
Spongy mesophyll cells are more rounded and less tightly packed. This leaves large intercellular air spaces by which gases can more easily pass through (CO2 in, O2 out)
How does the structure of chloroplasts maximise rate of photosynthesis? (4)
Chloroplasts have thin membranes and large surface area for easier absorption of light.
