Cell Organelles

Question 1

Mitochondria

Answer 1

Site of cellular respiration. “powerhouse”

Question 2

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 2

Has free ribosomes. Produces lipids and hormones

Question 3

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 3

Has bound ribosomes. Site of protein synthesis. Creates proteins and transports proteins to golgi body.

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Contains DNA. Controls when organelles within the cell carry out functions, when to metabolise, when cell should split etc.

Question 5

Golgi

Answer 5

Flat disc shaped sacs that modify and package proteins.

Question 6

Cell wall (plants only)

Answer 6

Provides structure and strength. Protects cell. Made of cellulose and lignin which withstand internal pressures of cell without stretching or bursting.

Question 7

Chloroplasts (plants only)

Answer 7

Site of photosynthesis. Many located in the palisade layer.

Question 8

Large central vacuole (plants only)

Answer 8

Structure containing cell sap (salts, sugars and amino acids). Maintains turgidity of cell by pushing cell membrane against cell wall, creating rigidity to resist bursting.

Displaces cytoplasm to outer edge of cell. Maximises rate of light absorption as chloroplasts are closer to sunlight. Provides short gas diffusion pathway (CO2 coming in, O2 going out).

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

transparent jelly where cell activities occur.

Question 10

Plasma membrane

Answer 10

Semipermeable membrane comprised of a phospholipid bilayer. Allows certain molecules to pass via diffusion. Facilitates transport of larger molecules via transmembrane proteins.