Leadership and Management Flashcards
What is management by objectives
A process of setting mutually agreed upon goals and using those goals to evaluate employee performance
What are some pros of MBO
- Clear goals (higher chance of achievement)
- Improved financial control
- Better coordination
- Makes responsibilities clear
What are some cons of MBO
- Demotivating if goal is unrealistic
- Time consuming and expensive
- May focus only on targets not long-term goals
- Management time opportunity cost and too controlling
What are the assumptions managers hold about employees
Theory X:
- Money is the only motivator
- Workers don’t want to be involved
- Supervision is required
Theory Y:
- Motivators beyond money
- Workers are ambitious
- Seek fulfilment
What are the styles of leadership (5)
- Autocratic
- Paternalistic
- Democratic
- Laissez-faire
- Bureaucratic
Explain autocratic leadership
Strict hierarchy, no dispute tolerated
Explain paternalistic leadership
No employee involvement, considers welfare of employees, autocratic but nicer
Explain democratic leadership
Involve employees in decision making, take feedback, encourage communication and contribution
Explain laissez faire leadership
Very laid back, leader plays minimal role, risky as it’s highly dependent on workers
Explain bureaucratic leadership
Focus on quality, formal procedures, rule-bound, low creativity and poor adaptability
Explain Fiedler’s contingency model
Fiedler believed management is a skill that can be learned and must adapt to each situation with contingent factors
