Leadership And Governance And job Description

Question 1

Who is a leader? What does leadership represent ? What purpose does it have,

Answer 1

A leader is a person who guides others toward a common goal, showing the way by example, and creating an environment in which other team members feel actively involved in the entire process.

• A leader is not the boss of the team but, instead, the person who is committed to carrying out the mission of the Venture.

Leadership represents the organization of people into manageable groups and influencing them to a specific direction

•Has the purpose of harnessing available resources (spiritual, mental, and physical) for the general good of all..

Question 2

State and explain six are the qualities of a good leader and five qualities of a bad leader
Give some examples of charismatic leaders

Lao Tzu:
  A leader is best
When people barely know he exists
Of a good leader, who talks little,
When his work is done, his aim fulfilled,
They will say, “We did this ourselves.”

Answer 2

A good leader often has a clear vision of what he or she wishes to accomplish
•A good listener; Your team mates may have a great idea to improve your vision. Accept their constructive criticisms
•Focused; Constantly remind yourself and the group of your Venture’s goals and mission

Organized: A leader can set the tone for the team. A leader who is organized helps motivate team members to be organized as well. Guided by a road map, plan of action ( diaries etc).

• Decisive: a leader should not be afraid to take the final decision even if some team members disagree.
• Confident: Show others that you are dedicated, intelligent, and proud of what you are doing.

Available: a leader needs to meet his people regularly
• Involve others. Delegate. A leader has a lot of disciples.

-Be able to inspire change and and evolution in your work force, a good leader must believe in progress and change himself

• It is more of what you do or what you are doing than who is there, your position or the authority.
• A leader should be strategic: You cannot achieve every thing. Know when to act and when not to

•A good communicator, Oratory skills:
A poor communicator is in the wrong profession

A leader needs some Charisma, a powerful leadership tool:

• It is the charm and magnet that attract people/followers to a leader.
• However, many successful leaders have gone through with little or no charisma
• Having a charismatic boss is one reason to get up in the morning and go to work
• Has nothing to do with intelect
• Can be used for evil and for good: ie Adolf Hitler
• Is it an innate trait or acquired?
• Examples of Charismatic leaders; Martin Luther King, Kwame Nkrumah, Nelson Mandela,

Question 3

What are the relationships in leadership
Give an example of a leader to explain who a leader is
Leadership is dynamic what does it depend on? What factors enhance leadership? What is a mark of leadership and why?

Answer 3

Leaders takes decisions for the followers based on the situation.

Sir Winston churchhil knew what to say at the right time to insure the people to get them to fight in the period of war during his tenure of presidency

Leadership is dynamic which depends on the context or the situation; Enabling factors enhance leadership. Example of Sir Winston Churchil, Kwame Nkrumah, Adolf Hitler

• Introducing change/reform and managing it is a mark of leadership as change is necessary to improve performance to achieve targets but can also introduce uncertainties.

Question 4

What makes a leader?
Give an example
What is a vision?
When is a vision more powerful?

A leader should have a vision
•“ Martin Luther King did not say “I have a strategic plan” Instead he shouted “ I have a dream” and he created a crusade.
•Nkrumah and Africa
•Indira Ghandi and India true or false

Answer 4

Followers make a leader. A Leader would have to sustain the interest and commitment of the followers. Example of General Colin Powell
“You lose your leadership the moment your subordinates fail to consult you”
Examples: Jesus Christ and His disciples
Mohammed
Luther King
*Nehemiah in the Old Testament

•Vision provides a picture of a desired future. It describes where the organization wants to be in the future and creates the necessary environment for working towards that vision. Vision is the expected outcome of the mission. Your objectives give your mission
A vision is more powerful when more people share it
•A vision created by others is not compelling for those who were not part of it.

Question 5

How do you plan succession in leadership?
What can happen in the absence of effective succession in leadership?
When do we go for outsiders to lead?

Answer 5

PLANNING SUCCESSION IN LEADERSHIP
It involves perpetuating an institution by filling the pipeline ( Leadership Pipeline) with high performing people to ensure that every leadership level has an abundance of these performers to draw from, both now and in the future.

In the absence of effective succession planning leadership transition could be traumatic especially if the out going is the founder

•We need to grow leadership talents from
“ within” or “ buy” from outside
•When do we go for outsiders to lead??:
- When insiders cannot withstand pressure from familiar faces
- When we cannot get the best from within
- when local politics would obstruct selecting an insider
- In situations that require radical changes

Question 6

How can the founders shadow stand in the way of finding a successor

In the public sector political consideration could create an equally difficult situation by imposing ??
leaders who may not be competent
True or false

Every season in in history, a generation, in a particular period, and the leaders that emerge and when their time fades others take over.
•Founders of organizations, whether religious or political, must understand this reality. True or false

They need to recognize that though their positions as founders remain unshakable, there are seasons that require that they lead from behind

• and allow members of their respective organizations whose seasons are due to take up leadership from the front true or false

Answer 6

elements of ownership

• deep emotional attachment to organization
• fusion of founders identity with that of the organization

•

Question 7

In leadership in Health care what happens,what are the features

Answer 7

LEADERSHIP IN HEALTH CARE
•Strong Leadership is required to carry out health activities.
•It is required at all levels and in all aspects of health care delivery
•Different cadres of staff are required to perform complex tasks to produce care.
It is a coordination which demands strong leadership.

Leadership in health care Clinical and Preventive) is results-oriented. Operates with targets/output/.

•Strong leadership is required in emergency situations in health care

Emergencies need a Leader to co-ordinate affairs.

•Effective management of resources in health facilities call for good leadership.

• One should be responsible!!!
• A Doctor/P.A is assumed to be the leader of the team.

Question 8

What is the concept of leadership in health sector

State the process of leadership and explain each steps

Answer 8

Concept of leadership in the health sector
•Coordinating group activities to achieve set goals.

• Processes of Leadership
• Planning and decision making
• Assignment of responsibilities
• Mobilisation and distribution of resources
• Monitoring and facilitating actions/ performance

-Planning (strategies Management)
•Goal, purpose, strategies and activities.
•Basis for evaluation results
-Delegation (monitoring, control and appraisal).
•Implementation of plans
•Collection of data/information on processes and programmes.
•Qualitative and quantitative data important.

-Motivation and reward (equitable distribution of resources).
-Evaluation and re-planning
•Continuous and incremental planning.
•Performance review (How can we improve on current review strategies).

Question 9

What is governance
What does it refer to
What does it represent
Broadly governance is about what?

The donors promote the notion of good governance as what?
Good governance has also been accepted as one of the targets of what?
What do governance systems set?

Answer 9

Is an indeterminate term used in international development to describe various structures of how public institutions ought to conduct public affairs and manage public resources

Governance refers to structures and processes that are designed to ensure accountability, transparency, responsiveness, rule of law, stability, equity and inclusiveness, empowerment, and broad-based participation.

It represents the norms, values and rules of the game through which public affairs are managed in a manner that is transparent, participatory, inclusive and responsive.

Broadly, governance is about the culture and institutional environment in which citizens and stakeholders interact among themselves and participate in public affairs. It is more than the organs of the government.

• the donors promote promote the notion of ‘good governance’ as a necessary pre-condition for creating an enabling environment for poverty reduction and sustainable human development.
• Good governance has also been accepted as one of the targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
• Governance systems set the parameters under which management and administrative systems will operate

Question 10

What is Job description and what are it’s uses

Job Description
While not universally accepted it continues to be viewed by many organizations as a valuable multipurpose personnel and management tool. True or false

Answer 10

The reviewed, edited, and reformatted product of the job analysis.

Attempts to provide statements of fact that describe the job as it is.

Acts as a job contract that conveys employee rights and establishes corresponding obligations.

It protects the employee and the employer by letting the employee know what is expected and what must be accomplished.

Comes in a variety of forms.

May be used as a substitute for / or by the job analysis.

Question 11

What is a position and give an example

What is a job and give an example

Answer 11

Work consisting of responsibilities and duties assignable to one employee. (There are as many positions as there are employees - sometime even more).

Example: M. Jones, Secretary-purchasing

Job-Work consisting of responsibilities and duties that are sufficiently alike to justify being covered by a single job analysis / job description. Assignable to one or more employees.

Example: Secretary-purchasing

Question 12

What is a class and give an example

What is a class series and give an example

Answer 12

A group of jobs sufficiently similar as to kinds of subject matter; education and experience requirements; levels of difficulty, complexity, and responsibility; and qualification requirements of the work.

Example: Secretary II.

Class series-grouping of job classes having similar job content but differing in degree of difficulty, complexity , and responsibility; level of skill; knowledge; and qualification requirements. The jobs within a class-series can form a career ladder.

Example: Secretarial Series I-IV

Question 13

What is a family and an occupation

Give examples

Answer 13

Two or more class-series within an organization that have related or common work content.

Example: Administrative Occupation (Secretary/ Clerical)

grouping of jobs or job classes within a number of different organizations that have similar skill, effort, and responsibility requirements.
Example: Administrative Occupation (Secretarial / Clerical) or clinician(doctors,nurses,lab technicians,PAs,etc)

Question 14

In summary a job description explains what?

What does planning do under job description multipurpose applications? And state the resources put together to ensure an efficient job

Answer 14

What the job is about.
Who supervises the position.
The tasks the person is expected to perform.
The standards by which an employee can be evaluated.

I t provides data for establishing internal equity and external competitiveness.

Resources: Organization Design
Staffing Levels
Career Ladder
Career Pathing
Job Design
Pay System Design

Question 15

under job description multipurpose applications state the resources put together to ensure an efficient job with regards to operations and controlling(for controlling explain those resources too)

Answer 15

Operations : Recruiting And Screening
Test Design
Hiring And Placement
Job Orientation
Developing Operating Procedures
Training And Development

Control
◦Performance Standards
Identifies acceptable levels of performance.
◦Legal Requirements
Establishes valid, non-discriminatory standards for each applicant or incumbent.
◦Collective Bargaining
Sets the starting point for management to establish valid pay differentials.

Question 16

What are the elements of job description

Explain What JOB identification entails

Answer 16

Job Identification
Job Summary
Job Definition
Accountabilities
Job Specifications

Job Title  
Status (Exempt Vs Nonexempt)
Job Code (Referencing System)  
Document Author, Approvals, And Date
Job Location
Job Grade
Evaluation Points  
Title Of Supervisor  
Pay Range

Question 17

Explain what job summary entails
Which people is it valuable to and what is it’s use . What kind of words are used in job summary and what are their uses.

Answer 17

Job Summary
A “word picture” of the job that delineates its general characteristics, listing only major functions or activities.

It is valuable to those who need a quick overview of the job.
It is especially useful in job matching when an organization is participating in a pay survey.

It is important that a high level of clarity be conveyed in a few words. Code words are often used to accomplish this goal, but they must be used with a great deal of care to avoid a mischaractorization of the job.

Question 18

Under common job summary code words
What is “under immediate direction”,under general direction,under direction,under administrative direction,under guidelines set by policy,

Answer 18

The incumbent normally performs the duty assignment after receiving detailed instructions as to the methods, procedures, and desired end results.

Under general direction:
The incumbent normally performs the duty assignment after receiving general instructions as to the methods, procedures, and desired end results.

Under direction:
The incumbent normally performs the duties assignment according to his or her own judgement requesting supervisory experience only when necessary.

Under administrative direction:
The incumbent normally performs the duty assignment within broad parameters defined by general organizational requirements and accepted practice.

under guidelines set by policy:

The incumbent normally performs the duty assignment at his or her discretion and is limited only by policies set by administrative or legislative authority.

Question 19

What is job definition, what will critically affect the required results and demands remedial actions by management when not performed properly ?
How are responsibility statements
treated?
What is the commonly accepted limit of responsibilities per job ?

Answer 19

identifies the primary reasons for the existence of the job.

A responsibility is of sufficient importance that “not” carrying out the duties within it or performing them below a minimally established standard will critically affect the required results and demand remedial actions by management.

Responsibility statements are analyzed and listed separately and each is subsequently supported by a list of duties that further describe the responsibilities.

The commonly accepted limit of responsibilities per job is seven (7) but it will vary with the complexity of the job.

Question 20

Under job responsibility or duty statements what happens at job analysis (provided job and content data) and ranking,responsibilities and duty statements

Answer 20

The job responsibility and duty statements are typically, at this stage in the process, the product of edited job analysis data.

After identifying the responsibilities and duties of a job, the next step is to place them in some kind of order so that the reader can obtain a clear and concise picture of the content of the job.

Question 21

Under job responsibility or site statement explain activity worth dimensions and rating scales

Answer 21

Activity-Worth Dimensions and Rating Scales

A computer assisted process in which the organization attempts to identify, quantify, and rank the frequency, duration, criticality, complexity, and etc, of job responsibilities and duties.

Responsibilities should be listed in order of importance and duties listed under each responsibility should follow the same order.

 The input of the incumbents as well as others familiar with the work should be solicited when responsibilities and duties are given some order of importance.

Question 22

Under job responsibility or duty statement in explaining the concept of Jobs of Different Levels of Complexity, the higher the level of the job? The more complex the requirements and activities? The higher the level of the job? As jobs increase in importance?

Answer 22

The higher the level of the job, the more complex the job requirements and associated incumbent activities.

The more complex the requirements and activities, the more difficult it is to describe them in clear, unambiguous terms.

The higher the level of the job, the greater the likelihood that the way identified job activities are performed will vary significantly among incumbents.

As jobs increase in importance, the cognitive and affective domains become more important, and the psychomotor domains become less important.

Question 23

Under job responsibility or duty statement explain special notations

Answer 23

Performs other duties as assigned” should never be on any individual’s job description.

It is unnecessary to start an activity statement with the words “responsible for”.

The format of the activity statement may take either the outline or paragraph form. The author recommends the outline form.

Question 24

Explain accountabilities as an element of job description

Answer 24

Briefly describes the major results achieved in the satisfactory performance of the job responsibilities and duties.

It acts as a guide for the goal-setting process that integrates job requirements with job-holder contributions.

Question 25

Explain job specifications as an element of job description

Answer 25

Identifies the knowledge and skill demands made on the incumbent and the physical and emotional conditions under which the incumbent must work.

The design of the job specification section and the information it provides relate to the kind of job evaluation plan used by the organization.

When writing managerial job descriptions, the specification section may include such items as people and dollar impact.

Question 26

Under Other Kinds Of Information Used In Describing Jobs explain conditions of employment,training and development .
Give four other ways of describing job facts in order from below to top

Answer 26

Conditions of Employment
◦Environmental
◦Health and safety
◦Employee welfare
◦Reasonable Accommodations
◦Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities
◦Employment contract
◦Pay, benefits and incentives

Training and development
●Performance appraisal
●Training needs and plans
●Management development

3. Position Description
4. Standing Operating Procedures
5. Class Description or specification
6. Performance Standards
7. Job description

Question 27

What is the first rule in writing job descriptions ?

Much of the resistance experienced with the use of job descriptions has its genesis in what?

Answer 27

Revising The Job Descriptions
The first rule in writing a job description is that it must describe the job as it is. However, as the job changes it must be updated.
Much of the resistance experienced with the use of job descriptions has its genesis in organizations’ failure to stay abreast of job content changes.

Question 28

Who is the incumbent?
What does he or she do?

All jobs and audits should be reviewed and scheduled how many times in a year? Which people are responsible for that?

The job description should never be considered a straitjacket as to what can be done by the jobholder. True or false

Answer 28

Revising The Job Descriptions
The person who should be given primary responsibility for maintaining the job description is the incumbent.

Incumbent inputs to the revision of a job description should be on an as needed basis, with the major monitoring responsibilities falling on the immediate supervisor.

All jobs should be reviewed at least once a year, preferably in conjunction with the annual performance review.

Audits should be scheduled once every three to five years and that responsibility lies with the human resources department.

Question 29

What’s the difference between standard operating procedures and job description

Answer 29

SOP = description of the standard way of doing something (process focus). Job Description = what responsibilities a person will have (people focus).