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P.E - Sports Psychology > Leadership > Flashcards

Leadership Flashcards

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1
Q

Define leadership

A

Process of influencing individuals + groups towards set goals. - Baron 1977

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2
Q

6 Leadership qualities

A

Self-control

Flexible but organised

Persevere

Develop trust in others

Communicators

Decision maker

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3
Q

Why is leadership important for managers?

A

LT goals

Provide overall strategies

Make decisions i.e about players + finance

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4
Q

Why is leadership important for coach?

A

provides strategy for play

Controlling training sessions

Target setting for team

Motivation

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5
Q

Why is leadership important for captain?

A

Linking between coach + players

Set an example on pitch whilst leading

Motivation on pitch

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6
Q

What are the 3 leadership styles

A

Authoritarian/Autocratic

Democratic

Laissez-faire

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7
Q

What is meant by the leadership style Authoritarian/Autocratic

A

Dictates group

Tend to be inflexible

Strong discipline

Effective when quick decisions need to be made

== Lewin found when leader absent, group would slow or stop work

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8
Q

When is the Authoritarian/Autocratic leadership style best employed?

A

Decisions need to be made quickly + effectively i.e any dangerous situation w/ cognitive/young learners.

Good for getting individuals to engage + work hard.

Time is short

Large groups

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9
Q

What is meant by the leadership style democratic

A

Cooperative

Shows interest in others decisions

Person-orientated

== Lewin found that when leader absent group continued to work

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10
Q

When is the democratic leadership style best employed?

A

In mod. favourable cond. (Fielder)

To encourage independent thinking from players

No time constraints

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11
Q

What is meant by the leadership style laissez-faire

A

‘no leadership’

Makes few decisions - PASSIVE role

Give little fb.

== Lewin found members were aggressive towards each other when things went wrong

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12
Q

When is the laissez-faire leadership style best employed?

A

Limited use w/ sporting context

Could be useful in recreational purposes

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13
Q

What factors need to be considered when choosing leadership styles?

A

Size of group

Personality

Type of learning

Danger level

Duration of activity

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14
Q

What are the 2 ways in which leaders develop?

A

Prescribed

Emergent

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15
Q

Define prescribed leaders

A

Appointed by someone in authority + imposed on a team or group

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16
Q

Define emergent leaders

A

From w/in the group + take charge.

Achieve their status by having respect + support from group.

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17
Q

Adv. of prescribed leaders

A

Immediate authority + control

Employed due to having definite leadership skills.

18
Q

Disadvantages. of prescribed leaders

A

Might be disliked by team

Can end up performing worse if group doesn’t gel.

19
Q

Adv of emergent leaders

A

Already supported by team

Respected

20
Q

Disadv. of emergent leaders

A

Some members might still dislike them = conflict

Some = favouritism by choosing friends

21
Q

What are the theories of leadership in sport

A

Great Man Theory of Leadership (NATURE)

Social Learning Theory of Leadership (NURTURE)

22
Q

LEADERSHIP THEORY

Explain Great Man Theory of Leadership (NATURE)

A

1841

Great leaders, usually men, were born NOT made, due to personality traits.

Suggests that certain personality + physical attributes are associated w/ leader success.

23
Q

LEADERSHIP THEORY

Explain Social Learning Theory of Leadership (NURTURE)

A

Proposes that leadership is a skill that can be learned.

Ind. learns leadership by observing others, then copying their behaviour.

IF behaviour is rewarded = ⬆️ same response = gradually learning to become a leader.

24
Q

Define vicarious experiences

A

Term used to describe watching another person being successful following a particular behaviour.

25
Q

What criticism is there to the Great Man Theory of Leadership (NATURE)

A

How can you know that you will successfully lead a situation w/out knowing the situation first.

26
Q

What criticism is there to the Social Learning Theory of Leadership (NURTURE)

A

No allowance for trait approach + personality characteristics

27
Q

What approach produces the most effective leaders according to recent research?

A

INTERACTIONIST APPROACH

28
Q

What does the interactionist approach state?

A

Effective leadership depends on:

  • Situation
  • Group factors
29
Q

INTERACTIONIST APPROACH

What does it been by situation?

A

Quick decisions + direct leadership i.e time outs in basketball (AUTOCRATIC)

Building group dynamic in training w/ group tasks (DEMOCRATIC)

When group has lost sight of goals (AUTOCRATIC)

30
Q

INTERACTIONIST APPROACH

What does it been by group factors?

A

Discipline

Personalities

Experience

i.e large, ill disciplined group = autocratic
experienced + unified group = democratic

31
Q

What models are there to successful leadership in sport

A

Fielder’s Contingency Model of Leadership

Chelladurai’s Multi-dimensional Model of Leadership

32
Q

SUCCESSFUL LEADERSHIP IN SPORT MODELS

Explain Fielder’s Contingency Model of Leadership

A

1 of 2 leadership styles should be adopted depending on the ‘FAVOURABLENESS’ of the situation.

Then there’s 2 approaches:

  • TASK-ORIENTATED
  • PERSON-ORIENTATED
33
Q

SUCCESSFUL LEADERSHIP IN SPORT MODELS

Fielder’s Contingency Model of Leadership

What is meant by “depending on the ‘FAVOURABLENESS’ of the situation. “

A

Relationship between leader + group

Leader’s position of power + authority

Task structure

34
Q

FIELDER’S CONTINGENCY MODEL OF LEADERSHIP

Explain the Task Orientated Approach

A

Used in VERY favourable or UNFAVOURABLE situations

i.e when leader has a strong level of power/respect OR none at all.

Dangerous situations

Limited time

Large groups

35
Q

FIELDER’S CONTINGENCY MODEL OF LEADERSHIP

Explain the Person Orientated Approach

A

Used in MODERATELY favourable situations

i.e when leader has some power/respect

Time isn’t a crucial factor

Consultation is required

36
Q

Which type of leaders are more effective in MOST, LEAST + MODERATELY favourable conditions?

(FIELDER’S CONTINGENCY MODEL OF LEADERSHIP )

A

AUTOCRATIC = MOST + LEAST favourable

DEMOCRATIC = Moderately favourable

37
Q

What does Chelladurai’s multi-dimensional model of leadership state?

A

That teams performance + satisfaction w/ leader will be highest if the leader’s required, preferred + actual behaviours all agree.

38
Q

What 3 factors/antecedents did Chelladurai suggest leaders must be able to adapt to

A

Situation (i.e task diff. / group size / activity)

Leader (personality, skill level)

Group members (ability, age, gender personality)

39
Q

CHELLADURAI’S MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIP

Explain required behaviour

A

What is needed in relation to the task

40
Q

CHELLADURAI’S MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIP

Explain preferred behaviour

A

What group would like their leader to be

41
Q

CHELLADURAI’S MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIP

Explain actual behaviour

A

What actually happens

P.E - Sports Psychology (6 decks)

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