Leadership Flashcards
Define leadership
Process of influencing individuals + groups towards set goals. - Baron 1977
6 Leadership qualities
Self-control
Flexible but organised
Persevere
Develop trust in others
Communicators
Decision maker
Why is leadership important for managers?
LT goals
Provide overall strategies
Make decisions i.e about players + finance
Why is leadership important for coach?
provides strategy for play
Controlling training sessions
Target setting for team
Motivation
Why is leadership important for captain?
Linking between coach + players
Set an example on pitch whilst leading
Motivation on pitch
What are the 3 leadership styles
Authoritarian/Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez-faire
What is meant by the leadership style Authoritarian/Autocratic
Dictates group
Tend to be inflexible
Strong discipline
Effective when quick decisions need to be made
== Lewin found when leader absent, group would slow or stop work
When is the Authoritarian/Autocratic leadership style best employed?
Decisions need to be made quickly + effectively i.e any dangerous situation w/ cognitive/young learners.
Good for getting individuals to engage + work hard.
Time is short
Large groups
What is meant by the leadership style democratic
Cooperative
Shows interest in others decisions
Person-orientated
== Lewin found that when leader absent group continued to work
When is the democratic leadership style best employed?
In mod. favourable cond. (Fielder)
To encourage independent thinking from players
No time constraints
What is meant by the leadership style laissez-faire
‘no leadership’
Makes few decisions - PASSIVE role
Give little fb.
== Lewin found members were aggressive towards each other when things went wrong
When is the laissez-faire leadership style best employed?
Limited use w/ sporting context
Could be useful in recreational purposes
What factors need to be considered when choosing leadership styles?
Size of group
Personality
Type of learning
Danger level
Duration of activity
What are the 2 ways in which leaders develop?
Prescribed
Emergent
Define prescribed leaders
Appointed by someone in authority + imposed on a team or group
Define emergent leaders
From w/in the group + take charge.
Achieve their status by having respect + support from group.
Adv. of prescribed leaders
Immediate authority + control
Employed due to having definite leadership skills.
Disadvantages. of prescribed leaders
Might be disliked by team
Can end up performing worse if group doesn’t gel.
Adv of emergent leaders
Already supported by team
Respected
Disadv. of emergent leaders
Some members might still dislike them = conflict
Some = favouritism by choosing friends
What are the theories of leadership in sport
Great Man Theory of Leadership (NATURE)
Social Learning Theory of Leadership (NURTURE)
LEADERSHIP THEORY
Explain Great Man Theory of Leadership (NATURE)
1841
Great leaders, usually men, were born NOT made, due to personality traits.
Suggests that certain personality + physical attributes are associated w/ leader success.
LEADERSHIP THEORY
Explain Social Learning Theory of Leadership (NURTURE)
Proposes that leadership is a skill that can be learned.
Ind. learns leadership by observing others, then copying their behaviour.
IF behaviour is rewarded = ⬆️ same response = gradually learning to become a leader.
Define vicarious experiences
Term used to describe watching another person being successful following a particular behaviour.
What criticism is there to the Great Man Theory of Leadership (NATURE)
How can you know that you will successfully lead a situation w/out knowing the situation first.
What criticism is there to the Social Learning Theory of Leadership (NURTURE)
No allowance for trait approach + personality characteristics
What approach produces the most effective leaders according to recent research?
INTERACTIONIST APPROACH
What does the interactionist approach state?
Effective leadership depends on:
- Situation
- Group factors
INTERACTIONIST APPROACH
What does it been by situation?
Quick decisions + direct leadership i.e time outs in basketball (AUTOCRATIC)
Building group dynamic in training w/ group tasks (DEMOCRATIC)
When group has lost sight of goals (AUTOCRATIC)
INTERACTIONIST APPROACH
What does it been by group factors?
Discipline
Personalities
Experience
i.e large, ill disciplined group = autocratic
experienced + unified group = democratic
What models are there to successful leadership in sport
Fielder’s Contingency Model of Leadership
Chelladurai’s Multi-dimensional Model of Leadership
SUCCESSFUL LEADERSHIP IN SPORT MODELS
Explain Fielder’s Contingency Model of Leadership
1 of 2 leadership styles should be adopted depending on the ‘FAVOURABLENESS’ of the situation.
Then there’s 2 approaches:
- TASK-ORIENTATED
- PERSON-ORIENTATED
SUCCESSFUL LEADERSHIP IN SPORT MODELS
Fielder’s Contingency Model of Leadership
What is meant by “depending on the ‘FAVOURABLENESS’ of the situation. “
Relationship between leader + group
Leader’s position of power + authority
Task structure
FIELDER’S CONTINGENCY MODEL OF LEADERSHIP
Explain the Task Orientated Approach
Used in VERY favourable or UNFAVOURABLE situations
i.e when leader has a strong level of power/respect OR none at all.
Dangerous situations
Limited time
Large groups
FIELDER’S CONTINGENCY MODEL OF LEADERSHIP
Explain the Person Orientated Approach
Used in MODERATELY favourable situations
i.e when leader has some power/respect
Time isn’t a crucial factor
Consultation is required
Which type of leaders are more effective in MOST, LEAST + MODERATELY favourable conditions?
(FIELDER’S CONTINGENCY MODEL OF LEADERSHIP )
AUTOCRATIC = MOST + LEAST favourable
DEMOCRATIC = Moderately favourable
What does Chelladurai’s multi-dimensional model of leadership state?
That teams performance + satisfaction w/ leader will be highest if the leader’s required, preferred + actual behaviours all agree.
What 3 factors/antecedents did Chelladurai suggest leaders must be able to adapt to
Situation (i.e task diff. / group size / activity)
Leader (personality, skill level)
Group members (ability, age, gender personality)
CHELLADURAI’S MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIP
Explain required behaviour
What is needed in relation to the task
CHELLADURAI’S MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIP
Explain preferred behaviour
What group would like their leader to be
CHELLADURAI’S MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIP
Explain actual behaviour
What actually happens
