Leadership

Question 1

Centralized org chart

Answer 1

all educations report to one director

Question 2

Decentralized org chart

Answer 2

educators directly report to their respective unit manager

Question 3

centralized-decentralized

Answer 3

facility educators report to NPD, unit educations report to their managers

Question 4

cost-benefit analysis

Answer 4

cost itemization: accounting of all program costs
Benefit itemization: ability to quantitatively measure benefits (retention, productivity, decreased incidents,etc)
Translation of costs and benefits into monetary terms; comparison of calculated cost benefits to program costs
Economic efficiency of a program in terms of the relationship between costs and benefits in monetary terms

Question 5

cost-effectiveness analysis

Answer 5

Comparing methodologies: i.e. instructor led vs online - are outcomes the same?, doing less classes = same outcome?
compares costs to program and educational outcomes
demonstrates the value of training
computing; identify program outcomes
calculate program costs
specify instructional outcomes in observable and measurable terms
Measures the efficiency of achieving outcomes in relation to costs

Question 6

Break-even analysis

Answer 6

calculation of costs to ensure revenue equals expenses
Used to determine the number of registrants necessary to break even on a program
BEP expenses divided by (registrant fee-variable costs/registrant)

Question 7

Leadership styles: authoritarian

Answer 7

leader exerts strong control over the group and does not involve others in the decision-making process

Question 8

Leadership styles: Democratic

Answer 8

leader has less control over the group but does involve others in the decision-making process

Question 9

Leadership styles: Laissez-faire

Answer 9

leader has little to no control over the group and decisions are made by members of the group

Question 10

Leadership philosophies and theories: Servant leadrship

Answer 10

leader puts the needs of others first and ensures that other people’s highest priority needs are being served. listening and understanding; acceptance and empathy; foresight, awareness and perception

Question 11

Leadership philosophies and theories: Quantum leadership

Answer 11

leader addresses uncertainty of actual and potential realities in a work environment that is complex and dynamic. uses complexity theory and chaos theiry to guide the leader in understanding relationships, behaviors and change

Question 12

Leadership philosophies and theories: Authentic leadership

Answer 12

leader is aware of their values, motives and emotions, know their strengths and weaknesses, and role model/promote positive behaviors.

Question 13

Leadership philosophies and theories: Adaptive ldeadership

Answer 13

mobilizing adaptive work. identifying what to keep or discard, invent or discover within their workplace culture that will enable them to succeed; through a sustained period of equilibrium

Question 14

Leadership philosophies and theories: Transformational leadership

Answer 14

leads to meet the demands of the future, creating the vision and provides the resources to achieve that vision; visionary, risk-taking, effective communicator, motivate others, persistent

Question 15

Five rights of delegation

Answer 15

right; task, circumstances, person, directions and communication, supervision and evaluation

Question 16

Shared governance principles

Answer 16

partnership: internal or external
Accountability: owning the work processes, decisions related to work and evaluation of effectiveness
Equity: everyone contributes and works within their scope of practice and role within the organization to achieve an overall goal
Ownership: being responsible for outcomes whether good or bad

Question 17

Benefits of shared governance

Answer 17

improved: quality of care, patient outcomes, and retention

increased team cohesiveness, and job satisfaciton

Question 18

Environmental scanning

Answer 18

identifying opportunities or threats that generate a practice gap, including issues, innovations and trends

Question 19

Competency assessment

Answer 19

new hire and on-going, mandated by regulatory bodies, looking at unit transfers, new locations, new equipment, etc

Question 20

Measuring competencies

Answer 20

checklists–technical ability
tests-knowledge
observation-observable/measurable actions
reflection-critical thinking/clinical judgement

Question 21

Lewin’s 3-step change model:

Answer 21

unfreeze existing situations or status quo
movement to the new equilibrium
refreeze; reinforce through formal and informal mechanisms such as recognition, rewards

Question 22

Rogers change theory

Answer 22

awareness, interest, evaluation, trial and adoption

Question 23

Kotter’s 8 stages of change

Answer 23

establish urgency
create a team lead
develop vision and strategy
communicate the vision
empower action
generate short term wins
consolidate gains
anchor new approaches in the culture

Question 24

Tuckman’s stages of group development

Answer 24

Forming: orientation to group function
Storming: interpersonal issues surface
Norming: resistance is overcome, team members check in with each other, personal opinions are shared freely
Performing: roles become flexible, tasks is on point
Adjourning; tasks are competed, separation anxiety

Question 25

Facilitation skills: Attending

Answer 25

Ensure a positive connection between facilitator and listener

Question 26

Facilitation skills: Engaging

Answer 26

Invite members to be part of the group. Help individuals make transition from past to new experiences

Question 27

Facilitation skills: Informing

Answer 27

Provide information from outside the group or team and help them learn about the group. Teach factual information

Question 28

Facilitation skills: Planning

Answer 28

Focus on planning for the future. Encourage members to work together to make plans and/or accomplish goals

Question 29

Facilitation skills; MEETING MANAGEMENT

Answer 29

Establish goals, determine membership, set agenda, determine roles and responsibilities; manage behaviors;

Question 30

Facilitation skills; Consensus building

Answer 30

Determine decision making criteria and decision making rights;

Question 31

Consensus

Answer 31

When participants can say: I feel I have been heard; I can live with the decision; I will support the decision.
Each member supports 80% of the decision with 100% of their being.

Question 32

Idea generating; brainstorming

Answer 32

Group lists, clarifies and eliminates duplicates. List is created that can be prioritized or acted upon

Question 33

Idea generating: Nominal group technique

Answer 33

Individual list, share, clarify and then eliminate duplicates. A list of ideas is created that can be prioritized

Question 34

Consensus building: multiple voting

Answer 34

Use with > 10 ideas. Agree on evaluation criteria. The number of votes = 1/3 the number of ideas on the list. Vote individually, record and add results to reduct the list to 10 or less

Question 35

Consensus building: rank ordering

Answer 35

Use with 10 or < 10 ideas. Agree on evaluation criteria. Rank order items with 1 being top choice. Rank individually, record and add. Lowest scored items are top priorities. Reduce the list to 3-5 ideas

Question 36

Decision making: Structured discussion

Answer 36

Use with 5 or <5 ideas agree on evaluation criteria. Each individual shares perspectives without discussion. Summarize agreement, Discuss, clarify and debate, Summarize agreement and select the best idea.

Question 37

Lippitt change theory

Answer 37

Seven steps more focused on role and responsibility of the change agent;
Diagnose problem, assess motivation to change, assess resources, develop plan, determine role of the change agent, maintain the change, gradually end the relationship

Question 38

Spradley change theory

Answer 38

Similar to nursing process based on participant observation; recognize need for change, diagnose problem, analyze alternative solutions, select change option, plan, implement, evaluate, stabilize

Question 39

Appreciative inquiry change theory

Answer 39

Based on existing strengths; Discovery, dream, design, destiny