Ethics and Legal Aspects

Question 1

Root Cause Analysis

Answer 1

Retrospective, structured analysis of adverse event
Required for sentinel events
Focused on the process not the individual
Seeks to uncover problems that increase the potential for error

Question 2

Just culture

Answer 2

Individuals should not be held accountable for system failures over which they have no control

Question 3

Characteristics of a just culture

Answer 3

Shared accountability
Staff responsible to identify and report hazards
Leadership: creates an open environment, promote learning and support safety

Question 4

Simple human error

Answer 4

An “honest” mistake

Question 5

At-risk behavior

Answer 5

Individual chooses a behavior in which the individual does not recognize the risk or perceives the risk to be justified

Question 6

reckless behavior

Answer 6

Conscious disregard to take a known risk without justification

Question 7

Confidentiality considerations

Answer 7

Education records must be kept in a secure location
HIPAA. Patient records must be de-identified
Academic student records: FERPA (Family educational rights and privacy act). Protects student records

Question 8

Managing conflict of interest

Answer 8

Obtain disclosure of relevant relationships from all individuals controlling content
Remove individual from participation
Revise the role of the individual so COI not relevant
Do not offer CE for all or part of activity
Evaluate content for bias and actively monitor
Evaluate content and obtain feedback about commercial bias

Question 9

Commercial support

Answer 9

Funding organization may not provide or joint-provide educational activities
May not participate in planning
Written agreement is required
Provider must make payment for all expenses
Must maintain records of all payments
Must use commercial support only for expenses related to the CNS activity
Must disclose commercial support to participants

Question 10

Copyright

Answer 10

Limited monopoly on what you create
Protects original works of authorship
Does not cover ideas or facts, but how the idea is expressed
Length of copyright is the life of the author + 70 years

Question 11

Copyright law does not apply to

Answer 11

Works that have not been fixed in a tangible form
Ideas, facts, procedures, concepts, principles, processes
Common property such as height/weight charts, rulers, calendars
Titles, names, phrases, symbols or slogans

Question 12

Fair use doctrine

Answer 12

Allows for reproduction of a work without permission for specific purposes: criticism, scholarship, comment, news reporting, research considering:
Purpose and character of the use
Nature of the copyrighted work
Amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work
Effect of the use upon the potential market

Question 13

Creative Commons licensing

Answer 13

Designed to promote information sharing

Allows use of intellectual property under certain circumstances

Question 14

Licensure

Answer 14

Granted by a state governmental agency; time-limited permission for an individual to practice in a particular profession after demonstration of meeting minimal requirements of competence

Question 15

Certification

Answer 15

Voluntary, granted by non-governmental agency, time limit limited recognition of individuals for meeting advanced standardized criteria, use by profession to differentiate members

Question 16

Accreditation

Answer 16

Voluntary, granted by non-governmental agency, time-limited recognition of organizations for meeting standardized criteria

Question 17

Root cause analysis steps

Answer 17

Identify event and gather information
Select team
Describe what happened
Identify contributing factors
Identify the root causes
Design and implement changes to eliminate the root causes
Measure success of changes

Question 18

Accountability

Answer 18

Answerable to oneself and others for one’s own actions

Question 19

Assault

Answer 19

A threat or attempt to physically harm another individual

Question 20

Autonomy

Answer 20

The right of a person to self-determination

Question 21

Beneficence

Answer 21

Doing good too and for learner

Question 22

Bullying

Answer 22

Repeated, unwanted harmful actions intended to humiliate, offend, and cause distress in the recipient

Question 23

Confidentiality

Answer 23

Protecting personal information

Question 24

Incivility

Answer 24

Rude and discourteous actions, of gossiping and spreading rumors, and refusing to assist a coworker. All to diminish the dignity of a coworker and violate professional standards of respect.

Question 25

Justice

Answer 25

Fair and equitable distribution of resources

Question 26

Nonmaleficence

Answer 26

Avoiding harm to learners

Question 27

Veracity

Answer 27

Telling the truth

Question 28

Workplace violence

Answer 28

Physical assault, threatening behavior or verbal abuse occurring in the workplace

Question 29

ANA code of ethics

Answer 29

Diversity awareness
Commitment to learners – both individuals and groups
Recognition of the rights of the individual learner
Accepting and promoting accountability for personal practice
Engaging in and developing professional development activities
Promoting and maintaining an ethical work environment
Advancing the nursing profession and NPD specialty through scholarly activity
Promoting and engaging in interprofessional collaboration to protect human rights
Advocating for the specialty and profession

Question 30

Plagiarism

Answer 30

Improper use or failure to attribute another persons writings or ideas