Leadership Flashcards
leadership definition
process where an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal - Northhouse 2001
Carron 81 - 2 types of leaders
pescribed
emergent
basic leadership model
leadership =
psychological outcomes eg confidence =
behaviour eg effort
types of leaders
autocratic (task orientated)
democratic (person orientated)
laissez faire
approaches to studying leadership
trait
behavioural
trait approach theory
the great man theory (born not made)
have certain personality traits
behavioural approach theory
social learning theory
observing other good leaders in variety of situations
person / relationship centred leaders
maintins communication
social interaction
develop respect and trust
effective with experienced athletes as already highly task orientated
task centre leaders
meeting goals
create plans
decide priorities
assign members to task
focus on overall activity
effective with less experienced / skilled who need instruction
can a leader change between relationship and task centred styles
yes depending on the situation (matches the style to the situation)
issues with theories of leadership
fail to consider unique characteristics of sport teams (Chelladurai & Carron 78, Terry & Howe 84)
minimal support to theories outside sport context (Horne 02)
multidimensional model of leadership psychologist
Chelladurai
multidimensional model of leadership
effective leader is dynamic and based on complex series of interactions between group and situation
multidimensional model of leadership- actual
what a leader actually does (determined by coaches)
multidimensional model of leadership - preferred
behaviour that followers would like to see
multidimensional model of leadership - required
behaviour needed by the task eg give instruction quick
situational characteristics
environment
number of ppl
time constraints
strength of opposition
leader characteristics
skill
qualification
personality
experience
member characteristics
age
gender
personality
motivation
competence
experience
transformational leader
takes place when leaders go beyond their own self interest and inspire, encourage and stimulate others to exceed (Beauchamp)
transactional leader
involves series of exchanges between leader want follower (leaders make use of rewards to encourage followers to meet previously agreed standards)
transactional vs transformational leaders
transactional = reward and punishment
transformtional = inspire beyond realisation of reward and punishment
process of transformational leader
connects follower sense of identity to project
role model to inspire
challenging followers to taker ownership
understand their strengths and weaknesses
transformational research Charbonneau 01
it influences both intrinsic motivation and performance but second handedly influences performance through intrinsic motivation
transformational research Smith 13
it influences communication and group cohesion but indirectly also influences group cohesion through communication
meta cognitive model of vision, support and challenge
greater coaches inspire athletes by
creating inspirational vision for future
provide necessary support to achieve
providing the challenge to achieve
problems with transformational leadership
reliance on correlational data (no causality)
overemphasis on individual not group
insufficient specification of situational variables (says underlying processes and outcomes are the same)
doesn’t explicitly identify any situation where its detrimental
Sinclair 07
leadership is socially constructed with followers in context
distributed leadership Spillane 05
wide range of ppl brought into leadership
product of interactions of leaders, followers and situation
interactive
little empirical evidence
issue with the idea there is only a single leader
oversimplified
