LE4 (2025)

Question 1

According to the attachment theory, people are born with a predisposition to become attached to caregivers in their earliest years.
A. True
B. False

Answer 1

A. True

Question 2

According to the attachment theory, the goal of the child is to seek a physical state achieved by a detachment from the mother or caregiver.
A. True
B. False

Answer 2

B. False

Question 3

The founder of attachment theory is
Select one:
A. Mary Ainsworth.
B. Harry Stack Sullivan.
C. John Bowlby.
D. Sigmund Freud.

Answer 3

C. John Bowlby.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about attachment theory is CORRECT?
Select one:
A. There is no biological basis to it.
B. The child seeks attachment to a caregiver in order to feel secure.
C. There is no empirical evidence for it.
D. The child develops attachment by becoming dependent on his/her caregiver.

Answer 4

B. The child seeks attachment to a caregiver in order to feel secure.

Question 5

Secure attachment with another person is believed to occur when
Select one:
A. the caregiver has not developed secure attachment himself/herself.
B. psychological closeness is transformed to physical closeness.
C. there is no biological predisposition for proximity with the caregiver.
D. physical closeness is transformed to psychological closeness.

Answer 5

D. physical closeness is transformed to psychological closeness.

Question 6

Which of the following are best considered as aspects of a secure attachment?
Select one:
a. Safe haven and secure base
b. Physical and psychological closeness
c. Safe and secure environment
d. Consistent and predictable caregiver

Answer 6

a. Safe haven and secure base

Question 7

Which of the following statements best describes a safe haven?
Select one:
A. It is the attachment figure who has developed secure attachment in childhood.
B. It is the environment that provides physical nourishment to the child in times of hunger.
C. It the environment that does not pose any physical dangers.
D. It is the attachment figure who provides a sense of security to the child in times of distress.

Answer 7

D. It is the attachment figure who provides a sense of security to the child in times of distress.

Question 8

This allows the infant to explore its world because of its confidence that the attachment figure can be relied upon if needed.
Select one:
A. Secure base
B. Safe attachment
C. Safe haven
D. Secure attachment

Answer 8

A. Secure base

Question 9

Secure base and safe haven are synonymous with
Select one:
A. psychological proximity and physical proximity.
B. physical closeness and psychological closeness.
C. nurturance and protection.
D. love and care.

Answer 9

C. nurturance and protection.

Question 10

At what age will the child’s attachment style be predictive of their responses to internal and external stimuli in adulthood?
Select one:
A. 13 years
B. 5 years
C. 1 year
D. 2 years

Answer 10

C. 1 year

Question 11

The attachment style of child of a caregiver whose adult attachment style is insecure-anxious will most likely be
Select one:
A. insecure-avoidant.
B. insecure-disorganized.
C. secure.
D. insecure-ambivalent.

Answer 11

D. insecure-ambivalent.

Question 12

The works of Jean Piaget centered on the mechanisms by which thinking and knowledge acquisition come about.
Select one:
A. True
B. False

Answer 12

A. True

Question 13

Adults who are under great stress may regress to preoperational, egocentric, & animistic thinking.
Select one:
A. True
B. False

Answer 13

A. True

Question 14

Jean Piaget was born in the U.S.A.
Select one:
A. True
B. False

Answer 14

B. False

Question 15

According to Jean Piaget, a schema is
Select one:
A. building block of intellectual development.
B. mechanism by which one learns to talk.
C. process of improving one’s self-esteem.
D. plan to outwit one’s rivals or opponents.

Answer 15

A. building block of intellectual development.

Question 16

Jean Piaget defined assimilation as the process of
Select one:
A. learning how to think.
B. changing old schemas.
C. fitting new objects into schemas.
D. remembering old schemas.

Answer 16

C. fitting new objects into schemas.

Question 17

Ben is a 2-year-old boy who has learned from books about dogs, cows, fish, and birds. When he visited his grandmother in the farm he saw a goat for the first time. He joyfully pointed at it and screamed, “Doggie! Doggie!” His mom corrected him by saying, “No honey that’s not a doggie. That’s a goat.” When young Ben came back to the farm and saw a goat he exclaimed, “Goat! Goat!”
What process of thinking did Ben demonstrate when he called the goat a dog?
Select one:
A. Hallucination
B. Accommodation
C. Delusion
D. Assimilation

Answer 17

D. Assimilation

Question 18

Ben is a 2-year-old boy who has learned from books about dogs, cows, fish, and birds. When he visited his grandmother in the farm he saw a goat for the first time. He joyfully pointed at it and screamed, “Doggie! Doggie!” His mom corrected him by saying, “No honey that’s not a doggie. That’s a goat.” When young Ben went back to the farm and saw a goat he exclaimed, “Goat! Goat!”

What process of thinking did Ben demonstrate when he was able to correctly identify the goat?
Select one:
A. Assimilation
B. Adaptation
C. Insight
D. Accommodation

Answer 18

D. Accommodation

Question 19

Jean Piaget defined accommodation as the process of
Select one:
A. becoming flexible with other people.
B. establishing compassion for others.
C. changing schemas to fit new objects.
D. learning right from wrong.

Answer 19

C. changing schemas to fit new objects.

Question 20

Cheryl is a 1-year-old girl who learns about objects around her by grasping on them and putting them inside her mouth. Piaget called this stage of learning as
Select one:
A. formal operations.
B. sensorimotor stage.
C. reflexive symbolic action.
D. pre-operational stage.

Answer 20

B. sensorimotor stage.

Question 21

Which of the following statements BEST describes object permanence?
Select one:
A. An object can only exist if a child has normal sensorimotor functioning.
B. An object exists in the mind of a child even if it out of sight.
C. An object ceases to exist in the mind of a child when it disappears from sight.
D. An object can only exist in the mind of a child if it is within sight.

Answer 21

B. An object exists in the mind of a child even if it out of sight.

Question 22

Object permanence is considered the first stage of thinking because it
Select one:
A. enables the child to hold an idea in his/her head.
B. enables the child to assimilate objects in his/her schemas.
C. facilities the child’s process of language development.
D. allows the child to form new concepts in his/her mind.

Answer 22

A. enables the child to hold an idea in his/her head.

Question 23

Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development states that
Select one:
A. object permanence is developing during the stage of pre-operational thought.
B. symbolization is the endowing of physical events and objects with lifelike psychological attributes.
C. immanent justice is the belief that punishment for bad deeds is inevitable.
D. children are egocentric during the stage of concrete operations.

Answer 23

C. immanent justice is the belief that punishment for bad deeds is inevitable.

Question 24

According to Piaget, an important process that develops during the stage of concrete operations is the
Select one:
A. ability to make and follow rules.
B. ability to distinguish between the ideal self and the real self.
C. use of phenomenological causality as a mode of thinking.
D. ability to reason about reasoning or thinking.

Answer 24

A. ability to make and follow rules.

Question 25

The final stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is
Select one:
a. formal operations.
b. concrete operations.
c. sensorimotor.
d. pre-operational thought.

Answer 25

a. formal operations.

Question 26

The development of object permanence is associated with the
Select one:
A. concrete operations stage.
B. sensorimotor stage.
C. formal operations stage.
D. latency stage.

Answer 26

B. sensorimotor stage.

Question 27

Nina is a 6-year-old girl. When asked to draw a bird, she comes up with a figure that represents the animal. This ability of Nina is called
Select one:
A. semiotic function.
B. egocentric thinking.
C. animistic thinking.
D. immanent justice.

Answer 27

A. semiotic function.

Question 28

Steve is a 5-year-old boy who is presented with a ball of clay. The clay is later rolled into a long, thin sausage shape and Steve is asked which form has more clay. He responds by saying that there is more clay in the sausage-shaped form.
Which stage of cognitive development is Steve at?
Select one:
A. Concrete operations
B. Formal operations
C. Pre-operational
D. Sensorimotor

Answer 28

C. Pre-operational

Question 29

Steve is a 5-year-old boy who is presented with a ball of clay. The clay is later rolled into a long, thin sausage shape and Steve is asked which form has more clay. He responds by saying that there is more clay in the sausage-shaped form.
When Steve reached the age of 10, he was able to say that both forms contain the same amount of clay.

What ability is Steve able to manifest at this stage?
Select one:
A. Syllogistic reasoning
B. Reversibility
C. Conservation
D. Animistic thinking

Answer 29

C. Conservation

Question 30

Kevin is a grade schooler. He knows that water can turn into ice and vice-versa. What ability is Kevin demonstrating?
Select one:
A. Animistic thinking
B. Conservation
C. Syllogistic reasoning
D. Reversibility

Answer 30

D. Reversibility

Question 31

Robert is a 3-year-old boy. One day, his dog scratched his hand while they were playing. He was in terrible pain that he wished his dog would die. Several months later, Robert’s dog died from a heart infection. He believed that his dog’s death was caused by his wish that it would die. What type of thinking is Robert demonstrating?
Select one:
A. Object permanence
B. Phenomenalistic causality
C. Animistic thinking
D. Immanent justice

Answer 31

B. Phenomenalistic causality

Question 32

Bea is a 2-year-old girl. Whenever her mother disappears from sight, she no longer becomes agitated. This is best explained by Bea’s achievement of
Select one:
A. object permanence.
B. phenomenalistic causality.
C. immanent justice.
D. animistic thinking.

Answer 32

A. object permanence.

Question 33

Culture is comprised of shared learned meanings & behaviors that are transmitted from within a social activity context for purposes of promoting individual/societal adjustment, growth, & development.
Select one:
A. True
B. False

Answer 33

A. True

Question 34

People from different cultural contexts and traditions define and experience reality in the same way.
Select one:
A. True
B. False

Answer 34

B. False

Question 35

Mental health is defined in exactly the same way across cultures.
Select one:
A. True
B. False

Answer 35

B. False

Question 36

Match the following cultural elements with their appropriate concepts.

Ability to use a combination of culturally appropriate attitudes, knowledge, and skills.

A. Cultural competence
B. Cultural awareness

Answer 36

A. Cultural competence

Question 37

Match the following cultural elements with their appropriate concepts.

Appreciation of external or material signs of diversity.

A. Cultural competence
B. Cultural awareness

Answer 37

B. Cultural awareness

Question 38

Learning involves changes in behavior, thought patterns, & emotion that result from repeated practice.
Select one:
A. True
B. False

Answer 38

A. True

Question 39

Match the following concepts of learning with their originators.

Classical conditioning

A. Ivan Pavlov
B. B.F. Skinner

Answer 39

A. Ivan Pavlov

Question 40

Match the following concepts of learning with their originators.

Operant conditioning

A. Ivan Pavlov
B. B.F. Skinner

Answer 40

B. B.F. Skinner